{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401918209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175531","title":"Vehicle Localization Using Crowdsourced Data Collected on Urban Roads","display_name":"Vehicle Localization Using Crowdsourced Data Collected on Urban Roads","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401918209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175531","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39275442"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175531","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5531/pdf?version=1724745337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5531/pdf?version=1724745337","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082965041","display_name":"Soohyun Cho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soohyun Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084269901","display_name":"Woojin Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5322-6615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Woojin Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084269901"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.2164,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51870916,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"17","first_page":"5531","last_page":"5531"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7668377161026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.7420157194137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.6740787625312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5878947973251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.47123536467552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.393890380859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.35250037908554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2814839482307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.26419597864151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22757259011268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1374388039112091}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7668377161026001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7420157194137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.6740787625312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5878947973251343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.47123536467552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.393890380859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.35250037908554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2814839482307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.26419597864151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22757259011268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1374388039112091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175531","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5531/pdf?version=1724745337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39275442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39275442","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11398219","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11398219","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11398219/pdf/sensors-24-05531.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4004a67377734eefbadfe31e60575a7e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4004a67377734eefbadfe31e60575a7e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 17, p 5531 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/24/17/5531/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24175531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24175531","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24175531","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/17/5531/pdf?version=1724745337","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7699999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1225283220","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3071639259","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G342704958","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"funded","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3655836268","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R1A2C2007908","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5976715750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1A2C2007908","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7685055460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G906043985","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2021R1A2C2007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G982292920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401918209.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401918209.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W2040975718","https://openalex.org/W2080823437","https://openalex.org/W2154118921","https://openalex.org/W2236623899","https://openalex.org/W2243312645","https://openalex.org/W2515303922","https://openalex.org/W2766226593","https://openalex.org/W2903085494","https://openalex.org/W2970412534","https://openalex.org/W2980356454","https://openalex.org/W3004381829","https://openalex.org/W3089522406","https://openalex.org/W3106931411","https://openalex.org/W3118680773","https://openalex.org/W3131220023","https://openalex.org/W3133461340","https://openalex.org/W3140633392","https://openalex.org/W3161049446","https://openalex.org/W4226293698","https://openalex.org/W4281645305","https://openalex.org/W4286373328","https://openalex.org/W4309852492","https://openalex.org/W4321483952","https://openalex.org/W4396707741","https://openalex.org/W4401326204","https://openalex.org/W6787604451","https://openalex.org/W6810701693","https://openalex.org/W6817117944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386936491","https://openalex.org/W3007931018","https://openalex.org/W3110195467","https://openalex.org/W3033823235","https://openalex.org/W4391128647","https://openalex.org/W2881093137","https://openalex.org/W4384916587","https://openalex.org/W2163330330","https://openalex.org/W1982137911","https://openalex.org/W2753457386"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Vehicle":[0],"localization":[1,126,141],"using":[2,128,204],"mounted":[3],"sensors":[4,27,56],"is":[5,28,143],"an":[6],"essential":[7],"technology":[8],"for":[9,84,147,169,216],"various":[10],"applications,":[11],"including":[12],"autonomous":[13],"vehicles":[14,45,52],"and":[15,78,89,111,159],"road":[16,68,79,87,109,157],"mapping.":[17,90],"Achieving":[18],"high":[19,149,173],"positioning":[20],"accuracy":[21],"through":[22],"the":[23,58,148,152,154,160,179,184,192,199,217,224,227],"fusion":[24],"of":[25,31,44,60,132,151,156,163,175,181,191,198,226],"low-cost":[26,54,95],"a":[29,41,71,123,129,188],"topic":[30],"considerable":[32],"interest.":[33],"Recently,":[34],"applications":[35],"based":[36],"on":[37],"crowdsourced":[38,133],"data":[39,62,92,134,177,205,214],"from":[40,63,94,136,207],"large":[42,130],"number":[43],"have":[46],"received":[47],"significant":[48],"attention.":[49],"Equipping":[50],"standard":[51],"with":[53,145],"onboard":[55],"offers":[57],"advantage":[59],"collecting":[61],"multiple":[64],"drives":[65],"over":[66],"extensive":[67],"networks":[69],"at":[70],"low":[72],"operational":[73],"cost.":[74],"These":[75],"vehicle":[76,125,194],"trajectories":[77],"observations":[80],"can":[81],"be":[82,100],"utilized":[83],"traffic":[85],"surveys,":[86],"inspections,":[88],"However,":[91],"obtained":[93],"devices":[96],"are":[97,118],"likely":[98],"to":[99],"highly":[101],"inaccurate.":[102],"On":[103],"urban":[104,137],"roads,":[105],"unlike":[106],"highways,":[107],"complex":[108],"structures":[110],"GNSS":[112],"signal":[113],"obstructions":[114],"caused":[115],"by":[116],"buildings":[117],"common.":[119],"This":[120],"study":[121],"proposes":[122],"reliable":[124],"method":[127,142,186,201],"amount":[131],"collected":[135,206,220],"roads.":[138],"The":[139,172,196,213],"proposed":[140,185,200],"designed":[144],"consideration":[146],"inaccuracy":[150,174],"data,":[153],"complexity":[155],"structures,":[158],"partial":[161],"use":[162],"high-definition":[164],"(HD)":[165],"maps":[166],"that":[167],"account":[168],"environmental":[170],"changes.":[171],"sensor":[176],"affects":[178],"reliability":[180,189],"localization.":[182],"Therefore,":[183],"includes":[187],"assessment":[190],"localized":[193],"poses.":[195],"performance":[197],"was":[202],"evaluated":[203],"buses":[208],"operating":[209],"in":[210],"Seoul,":[211],"Korea.":[212],"used":[215],"evaluation":[218],"were":[219],"18":[221],"months":[222],"after":[223],"creation":[225],"HD":[228],"maps.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T14:20:09.374765","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}