{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401685511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165342","title":"Elevating Detection Performance in Optical Remote Sensing Image Object Detection: A Dual Strategy with Spatially Adaptive Angle-Aware Networks and Edge-Aware Skewed Bounding Box Loss Function","display_name":"Elevating Detection Performance in Optical Remote Sensing Image Object Detection: A Dual Strategy with Spatially Adaptive Angle-Aware Networks and Edge-Aware Skewed Bounding Box Loss Function","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401685511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165342","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39205035"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24165342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165342","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5342/pdf?version=1723969767","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5342/pdf?version=1723969767","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087724626","display_name":"Zexin Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802541053","display_name":"Academy of Military Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bv3c993","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zexin Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100141, China","Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100141, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100010, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111195830","display_name":"Jie Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802541053","display_name":"Academy of Military Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bv3c993","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100141, China","Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100141, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100010, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101598389","display_name":"Zhongbo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9227-6914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802541053","display_name":"Academy of Military Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bv3c993","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhongbo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100141, China","Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100141, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100010, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102025878","display_name":"Yongqiang Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-9116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802541053","display_name":"Academy of Military Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bv3c993","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongqiang Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100141, China","Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100010, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100141, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing 100010, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101598389","https://openalex.org/A5102025878"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802541053"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.2044,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46711729,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"16","first_page":"5342","last_page":"5342"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.8002025485038757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.6886125802993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-function","display_name":"Dual function","score":0.6286972761154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.622755765914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.6147676110267639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5972908735275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.5855110883712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5846529006958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5497402548789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5348787307739258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5340964198112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.5112335681915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.42228174209594727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3352721929550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3180185556411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.22888922691345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11315271258354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.09478482604026794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.8002025485038757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.6886125802993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019659684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2275559","display_name":"Dual function","level":3,"score":0.6286972761154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.622755765914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.6147676110267639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5972908735275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.5855110883712769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5846529006958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5497402548789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5348787307739258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5340964198112488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.5112335681915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.42228174209594727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3352721929550171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3180185556411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.22888922691345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11315271258354187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.09478482604026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779104521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23058469","display_name":"Contouring","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24165342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165342","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5342/pdf?version=1723969767","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39205035","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39205035","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11359887","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11359887","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11359887/pdf/sensors-24-05342.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c5c3fe23611b453fac28f19fc86b10ba","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c5c3fe23611b453fac28f19fc86b10ba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 16, p 5342 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24165342","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165342","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5342/pdf?version=1723969767","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401685511.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W2154376992","https://openalex.org/W2169696215","https://openalex.org/W2593539516","https://openalex.org/W2605982830","https://openalex.org/W2784050770","https://openalex.org/W2788202095","https://openalex.org/W2806070179","https://openalex.org/W2855340099","https://openalex.org/W2903141337","https://openalex.org/W2962749812","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963849369","https://openalex.org/W2964018263","https://openalex.org/W2964294787","https://openalex.org/W2964584796","https://openalex.org/W2964979676","https://openalex.org/W2965512000","https://openalex.org/W2991359031","https://openalex.org/W2991363140","https://openalex.org/W3022917557","https://openalex.org/W3092390345","https://openalex.org/W3097779785","https://openalex.org/W3099008583","https://openalex.org/W3100234280","https://openalex.org/W3102695566","https://openalex.org/W3106228955","https://openalex.org/W3120411988","https://openalex.org/W3122893743","https://openalex.org/W3136761610","https://openalex.org/W3170033848","https://openalex.org/W3171395710","https://openalex.org/W3174873843","https://openalex.org/W3175496347","https://openalex.org/W3177105943","https://openalex.org/W3201797941","https://openalex.org/W4214648418","https://openalex.org/W4229032258","https://openalex.org/W4290715466","https://openalex.org/W4380681981","https://openalex.org/W6766860876","https://openalex.org/W6770689091","https://openalex.org/W6782137339","https://openalex.org/W6786872689","https://openalex.org/W6796744688","https://openalex.org/W6841254037"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3209723314","https://openalex.org/W3205398323","https://openalex.org/W2883297582","https://openalex.org/W4390524233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"optical":[1],"remote":[2],"sensing":[3],"image":[4],"object":[5],"detection,":[6],"discontinuous":[7],"boundaries":[8],"often":[9],"limit":[10],"detection":[11,80,171],"accuracy,":[12],"particularly":[13],"at":[14,82,118],"high":[15,83,205],"Intersection":[16],"over":[17],"Union":[18],"(IoU)":[19],"thresholds.":[20,85],"This":[21,147],"paper":[22],"addresses":[23],"this":[24],"issue":[25],"by":[26],"proposing":[27],"the":[28,53,101,115,119,129,135,142,165,170,187,190,201],"Spatial":[29],"Adaptive":[30],"Angle-Aware":[31],"(SA3)":[32],"Network.":[33],"The":[34,111,178],"SA3":[35,179],"Network":[36,180],"employs":[37],"a":[38,89],"hierarchical":[39],"refinement":[40],"approach,":[41],"consisting":[42],"of":[43,56,103,122,131,173,189],"coarse":[44],"regression,":[45,47],"fine":[46],"and":[48,153,158,175,181],"precise":[49],"tuning,":[50],"to":[51,62,100,195],"optimize":[52],"angle":[54,95,123,138],"parameters":[55],"rotated":[57],"bounding":[58,126],"boxes.":[59],"It":[60],"adapts":[61],"specific":[63],"task":[64],"scenarios":[65],"using":[66],"either":[67],"class-aware":[68],"or":[69],"class-agnostic":[70],"strategies.":[71],"Experimental":[72,161],"results":[73,148,162],"demonstrate":[74],"its":[75],"effectiveness":[76],"in":[77,149],"significantly":[78],"improving":[79],"accuracy":[81,172],"IoU":[84,92,206],"Additionally,":[86],"we":[87],"introduce":[88],"Gaussian":[90],"transform-based":[91],"factor":[93],"during":[94],"regression":[96,124],"loss":[97,113,116,183],"calculation,":[98],"leading":[99],"development":[102],"Edge-aware":[104],"Skewed":[105],"Bounding":[106],"Box":[107],"Loss":[108],"(EAS":[109],"Loss).":[110],"EAS":[112,182],"enhances":[114,169],"gradient":[117],"final":[120],"stage":[121],"for":[125],"boxes,":[127],"addressing":[128],"challenge":[130],"further":[132],"learning":[133],"when":[134],"predicted":[136],"box":[137,145],"closely":[139],"aligns":[140],"with":[141],"real":[143],"target":[144],"angle.":[146],"increased":[150],"training":[151,157],"efficiency":[152],"better":[154],"alignment":[155],"between":[156],"evaluation":[159],"metrics.":[160],"show":[163],"that":[164],"proposed":[166],"method":[167],"substantially":[168],"ReDet":[174],"ReBiDet":[176,191],"models.":[177],"not":[184],"only":[185],"elevate":[186],"mAP":[188,203],"model":[192],"on":[193],"DOTA-v1.5":[194],"78.85%":[196],"but":[197],"also":[198],"effectively":[199],"improve":[200],"model's":[202],"under":[204],"threshold":[207],"conditions.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}