{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401512772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165162","title":"Enhanced Vision-Based Taillight Signal Recognition for Analyzing Forward Vehicle Behavior","display_name":"Enhanced Vision-Based Taillight Signal Recognition for Analyzing Forward Vehicle Behavior","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401512772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165162","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39204857"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24165162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165162","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5162/pdf?version=1723273549","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5162/pdf?version=1723273549","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065305614","display_name":"Aria Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-0088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205490536","display_name":"Dongguk University","ror":"https://ror.org/057q6n778","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aria Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060204409","display_name":"Seunghyun Woo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205490536","display_name":"Dongguk University","ror":"https://ror.org/057q6n778","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seunghyun Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043417988","display_name":"Yunsik Son","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2580-4393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205490536","display_name":"Dongguk University","ror":"https://ror.org/057q6n778","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yunsik Son","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2580-4393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043417988"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205490536"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.1399,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76768355,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"16","first_page":"5162","last_page":"5162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalizability-theory","display_name":"Generalizability theory","score":0.8155428767204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6949043273925781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5799977779388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5786179304122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4664570391178131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3892379403114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3866972029209137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36976122856140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.342536985874176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27158222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532422","display_name":"Generalizability theory","level":2,"score":0.8155428767204285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6949043273925781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5799977779388428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5786179304122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4664570391178131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3892379403114319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3866972029209137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36976122856140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.342536985874176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24165162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165162","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5162/pdf?version=1723273549","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39204857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39204857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11359336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11359336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d5161dd4a03149048da018e2a83edef6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d5161dd4a03149048da018e2a83edef6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 16, p 5162 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24165162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165162","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5162/pdf?version=1723273549","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2173667445","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018R1A5A7023490","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2193524624","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20224000000020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7869673796","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20224000000020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335199","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8711743010","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018R1A5A7023490","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335199","display_name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/02zq38y32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401512772.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522734439","https://openalex.org/W2026131180","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2145023731","https://openalex.org/W2145786074","https://openalex.org/W2794383732","https://openalex.org/W2802574842","https://openalex.org/W2969284583","https://openalex.org/W2970602348","https://openalex.org/W2970618130","https://openalex.org/W2981207549","https://openalex.org/W2989111758","https://openalex.org/W3035484352","https://openalex.org/W3092263114","https://openalex.org/W3133684056","https://openalex.org/W3169662554","https://openalex.org/W3207009201","https://openalex.org/W4226543885","https://openalex.org/W4283747681","https://openalex.org/W4287882708","https://openalex.org/W4288513911","https://openalex.org/W4289177611","https://openalex.org/W4293518234","https://openalex.org/W4319320355","https://openalex.org/W4319866011","https://openalex.org/W4319983517","https://openalex.org/W4323848238","https://openalex.org/W4384524459","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4386699379","https://openalex.org/W4387342650","https://openalex.org/W4388597187","https://openalex.org/W4398686869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118717649","https://openalex.org/W2413243053","https://openalex.org/W410723623","https://openalex.org/W2015341305","https://openalex.org/W2035068594","https://openalex.org/W4225593417","https://openalex.org/W2573498121","https://openalex.org/W3022298670","https://openalex.org/W3160494304","https://openalex.org/W3006162251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"develops":[2],"a":[3,30,88,104],"vision-based":[4,66],"technique":[5,123],"for":[6,139],"enhancing":[7],"taillight":[8,41,78,134],"recognition":[9,80],"in":[10,58,107,153],"autonomous":[11,126],"vehicles,":[12],"aimed":[13],"at":[14],"improving":[15],"real-time":[16],"decision":[17,161],"making":[18,162],"by":[19,131],"analyzing":[20],"the":[21,56,63,73,108,149,165,170],"driving":[22],"behaviors":[23],"of":[24,65,77,117],"vehicles":[25],"ahead.":[26],"The":[27,52,84,121],"approach":[28],"utilizes":[29],"convolutional":[31],"3D":[32],"neural":[33],"network":[34],"(C3D)":[35],"with":[36,137],"feature":[37],"simplification":[38],"to":[39,48,71,91],"classify":[40],"images":[42],"into":[43],"eight":[44],"distinct":[45],"states,":[46],"adapting":[47],"various":[49],"environmental":[50,59],"conditions.":[51,83,147],"problem":[53],"addressed":[54],"is":[55,70],"variability":[57],"conditions":[60],"that":[61],"affect":[62],"performance":[64],"systems.":[67],"Our":[68],"objective":[69],"improve":[72],"accuracy":[74,110],"and":[75,98,112,129,144,158],"generalizability":[76],"signal":[79,154],"under":[81,142],"different":[82],"methodology":[85],"involves":[86],"using":[87],"C3D":[89],"model":[90],"analyze":[92],"video":[93],"sequences,":[94],"capturing":[95],"both":[96],"spatial":[97],"temporal":[99],"features.":[100],"Experimental":[101],"results":[102],"demonstrate":[103],"significant":[105],"improvement":[106],"model's":[109],"(85.19%)":[111],"generalizability,":[113],"enabling":[114],"precise":[115],"interpretation":[116],"preceding":[118],"vehicle":[119,127],"maneuvers.":[120],"proposed":[122],"effectively":[124],"enhances":[125],"navigation":[128],"safety":[130],"ensuring":[132,156],"reliable":[133,160],"state":[135],"recognition,":[136],"potential":[138],"further":[140],"improvements":[141],"nighttime":[143],"adverse":[145],"weather":[146],"Additionally,":[148],"system":[150],"reduces":[151],"latency":[152],"processing,":[155],"faster":[157],"more":[159],"directly":[163],"on":[164],"edge":[166],"devices":[167],"installed":[168],"within":[169],"vehicles.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}