{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401457838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165150","title":"Roadmap of Adversarial Machine Learning in Internet of Things-Enabled Security Systems","display_name":"Roadmap of Adversarial Machine Learning in Internet of Things-Enabled Security Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401457838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165150","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39204846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24165150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165150","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5150/pdf?version=1723192355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5150/pdf?version=1723192355","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005025214","display_name":"Yasmine Harbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6731-7895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40193446","display_name":"University Ferhat Abbas of Setif","ror":"https://ror.org/02rzqza52","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40193446"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasmine Harbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["LRSD Laboratory, Ferhat Abbas University Setif-1, Setif 19000, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LRSD Laboratory, Ferhat Abbas University Setif-1, Setif 19000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40193446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036032076","display_name":"Khedidja Medani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0613-2154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40193446","display_name":"University Ferhat Abbas of Setif","ror":"https://ror.org/02rzqza52","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40193446"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khedidja Medani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Arabic Literature and Language Department, Mohamed Lamine Debaghine University Setif-2, Setif 19000, Algeria","LRSD Laboratory, Ferhat Abbas University Setif-1, Setif 19000, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Arabic Literature and Language Department, Mohamed Lamine Debaghine University Setif-2, Setif 19000, Algeria","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LRSD Laboratory, Ferhat Abbas University Setif-1, Setif 19000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40193446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057081296","display_name":"Chirihane Gherbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0551-3978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40193446","display_name":"University Ferhat Abbas of Setif","ror":"https://ror.org/02rzqza52","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40193446"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chirihane Gherbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["LRSD Laboratory, Ferhat Abbas University Setif-1, Setif 19000, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LRSD Laboratory, Ferhat Abbas University Setif-1, Setif 19000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40193446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102874518","display_name":"Zibouda Aliouat","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40193446","display_name":"University Ferhat Abbas of Setif","ror":"https://ror.org/02rzqza52","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40193446"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zibouda Aliouat","raw_affiliation_strings":["LRSD Laboratory, Ferhat Abbas University Setif-1, Setif 19000, Algeria"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LRSD Laboratory, Ferhat Abbas University Setif-1, Setif 19000, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40193446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035128702","display_name":"Saad Harous","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6524-7352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29891158","display_name":"University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/00engpz63","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saad Harous","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Informatics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Informatics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035128702"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29891158"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.4453,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93340996,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"16","first_page":"5150","last_page":"5150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7853112816810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.56270432472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.502933919429779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5006191730499268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4937995374202728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4491153955459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3461650013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.29751139879226685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7853112816810608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.56270432472229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.502933919429779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5006191730499268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4937995374202728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4491153955459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3461650013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.29751139879226685}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24165150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165150","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5150/pdf?version=1723192355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39204846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39204846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11359573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11359573","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11359573/pdf/sensors-24-05150.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1cf2a73bbe064c13b67be1071b60c5a5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1cf2a73bbe064c13b67be1071b60c5a5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 16, p 5150 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24165150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165150","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5150/pdf?version=1723192355","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401457838.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401457838.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2535690855","https://openalex.org/W2947832965","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2989467979","https://openalex.org/W3012546138","https://openalex.org/W3015471529","https://openalex.org/W3041689490","https://openalex.org/W3048339221","https://openalex.org/W3094542121","https://openalex.org/W3113308842","https://openalex.org/W3115360974","https://openalex.org/W3117572899","https://openalex.org/W3138815606","https://openalex.org/W3153146126","https://openalex.org/W3158507034","https://openalex.org/W3172336096","https://openalex.org/W3183423075","https://openalex.org/W3186399922","https://openalex.org/W3192414357","https://openalex.org/W4214819121","https://openalex.org/W4220810297","https://openalex.org/W4220916459","https://openalex.org/W4220926938","https://openalex.org/W4225858632","https://openalex.org/W4226357486","https://openalex.org/W4281714233","https://openalex.org/W4283067092","https://openalex.org/W4285404754","https://openalex.org/W4298325918","https://openalex.org/W4308113493","https://openalex.org/W4323346399","https://openalex.org/W4367314445","https://openalex.org/W4376611545","https://openalex.org/W4385713380","https://openalex.org/W4391678255","https://openalex.org/W4395002389","https://openalex.org/W6844874964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4310988119","https://openalex.org/W4285226279","https://openalex.org/W4288019534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1,128],"(ML)":[2],"represents":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,9,21,34,104,111,125,137,146,149,162],"the":[6,10,64,75,102,109,119,138,147,160,168,175,181],"main":[7,195],"pillars":[8],"current":[11],"digital":[12],"era,":[13],"specifically":[14],"in":[15,27,118],"modern":[16],"real-world":[17],"applications.":[18],"The":[19,32,157],"Internet":[20],"Things":[22],"(IoT)":[23],"technology":[24],"is":[25,130,155,174],"foundational":[26],"developing":[28],"advanced":[29],"intelligent":[30],"systems.":[31],"convergence":[33],"ML":[35,76,116],"and":[36,51,66,95,107,114,151,194,203],"IoT":[37,56,120],"drives":[38],"significant":[39,87],"advancements":[40],"across":[41],"various":[42,163],"domains,":[43],"such":[44,188],"as":[45],"making":[46],"IoT-based":[47,152],"security":[48,153],"systems":[49,57,154],"smarter":[50],"more":[52],"efficient.":[53],"However,":[54],"ML-based":[55],"are":[58,198],"vulnerable":[59],"to":[60,73,90,144,185],"lurking":[61],"attacks":[62,106],"during":[63],"training":[65,183],"testing":[67],"phases.":[68],"An":[69],"adversarial":[70,105,126,182],"attack":[71,165],"aims":[72],"corrupt":[74],"model's":[77],"functionality":[78],"by":[79],"introducing":[80],"perturbed":[81],"inputs.":[82],"Consequently,":[83],"it":[84],"can":[85],"pose":[86],"risks":[88],"leading":[89],"devices'":[91],"malfunction,":[92],"services'":[93],"interruption,":[94],"personal":[96],"data":[97],"misuse.":[98],"This":[99],"article":[100],"examines":[101],"severity":[103],"accentuates":[108],"importance":[110],"designing":[112],"secure":[113],"robust":[115],"models":[117],"context.":[121],"A":[122],"comprehensive":[123],"classification":[124],"machine":[127],"(AML)":[129],"provided.":[131],"Moreover,":[132],"a":[133],"systematic":[134],"literature":[135],"review":[136],"latest":[139],"research":[140,196],"trends":[141],"(from":[142],"2020":[143],"2024)":[145],"intersection":[148],"AML":[150,164],"presented.":[156],"results":[158],"revealed":[159],"availability":[161],"techniques,":[166],"where":[167],"Fast":[169],"Gradient":[170],"Signed":[171],"Method":[172],"(FGSM)":[173],"most":[176],"employed.":[177],"Several":[178],"studies":[179],"recommend":[180],"technique":[184],"defend":[186],"against":[187],"attacks.":[189],"Finally,":[190],"potential":[191],"open":[192],"issues":[193],"directions":[197],"highlighted":[199],"for":[200],"future":[201],"consideration":[202],"enhancement.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-03T22:45:19.894376","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}