{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401355851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165094","title":"Large-Area Film Thickness Identification of Transparent Glass by Hyperspectral Imaging","display_name":"Large-Area Film Thickness Identification of Transparent Glass by Hyperspectral Imaging","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401355851","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165094","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39204790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24165094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165094","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5094/pdf?version=1722945557","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5094/pdf?version=1722945557","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102923524","display_name":"Shuan-Yu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2639-9031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I882009436","display_name":"Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03d4d3711","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I882009436"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuan-Yu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Optometry, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Optometry, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I882009436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070409419","display_name":"Riya Karmakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0762-6770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riya Karmakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687552","display_name":"Yuyang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0190-4867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Yang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102930497","display_name":"Wei\u2010Chin Hung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6206-016X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802777525","display_name":"R.O.C Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/02xcgb468","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802777525"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Chin Hung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, R. O. C. Military Academy, Kaohsiung 83020, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, R. O. C. Military Academy, Kaohsiung 83020, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802777525"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069872673","display_name":"Arvind Mukundan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7741-3722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arvind Mukundan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7741-3722","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052246876","display_name":"Hsiang\u2010Chen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4107-2062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099254","display_name":"National Chung Cheng University","ror":"https://ror.org/0028v3876","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hsiang-Chen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan","Hitspectra Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung 80661, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4107-2062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hitspectra Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Kaohsiung 80661, Taiwan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052246876","https://openalex.org/A5069872673"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099254"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.6639,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90751433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"16","first_page":"5094","last_page":"5094"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.9135500192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5820069313049316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/near-infrared-spectroscopy","display_name":"Near-infrared spectroscopy","score":0.5810632705688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5420838594436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.503614604473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.4937780797481537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-imaging","display_name":"Spectral imaging","score":0.475210040807724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.46239838004112244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-bands","display_name":"Spectral bands","score":0.4499250650405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dispersion","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","score":0.4340728521347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-imaging","display_name":"Chemical imaging","score":0.414335697889328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3545072674751282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3468843102455139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2348421812057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14063215255737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12262514233589172}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.9135500192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5820069313049316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43571822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599037","display_name":"Near-infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5810632705688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5420838594436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.503614604473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.4937780797481537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3232514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575196","display_name":"Spectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.475210040807724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.46239838004112244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114700698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2882278","display_name":"Spectral bands","level":2,"score":0.4499250650405884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177562468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4340728521347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65597285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5090469","display_name":"Chemical imaging","level":3,"score":0.414335697889328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3545072674751282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3468843102455139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2348421812057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14063215255737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12262514233589172}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24165094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165094","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5094/pdf?version=1722945557","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39204790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39204790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11359249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11359249","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11359249/pdf/sensors-24-05094.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d22dec656f054f1789c8f5a7109605b3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d22dec656f054f1789c8f5a7109605b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 16, p 5094 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24165094","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165094","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/16/5094/pdf?version=1722945557","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401355851.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401355851.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965095494","https://openalex.org/W1982723507","https://openalex.org/W1987494209","https://openalex.org/W2001013397","https://openalex.org/W2017017141","https://openalex.org/W2067372090","https://openalex.org/W2068341801","https://openalex.org/W2074746993","https://openalex.org/W2107682012","https://openalex.org/W2127995856","https://openalex.org/W2150345503","https://openalex.org/W2260350484","https://openalex.org/W2411329972","https://openalex.org/W2590810004","https://openalex.org/W2658548261","https://openalex.org/W2744326372","https://openalex.org/W2746248340","https://openalex.org/W2889375225","https://openalex.org/W2951687997","https://openalex.org/W2953769918","https://openalex.org/W3000547188","https://openalex.org/W3045638801","https://openalex.org/W3047120731","https://openalex.org/W3048884310","https://openalex.org/W3137295440","https://openalex.org/W3214607590","https://openalex.org/W4286751280","https://openalex.org/W4292974999","https://openalex.org/W4294631730","https://openalex.org/W4297491117","https://openalex.org/W4307920116","https://openalex.org/W4308498144","https://openalex.org/W4316804379","https://openalex.org/W4318820267","https://openalex.org/W4399284468","https://openalex.org/W6754235938"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W163927463","https://openalex.org/W2125664143","https://openalex.org/W4233747689","https://openalex.org/W4385840441","https://openalex.org/W2027399350","https://openalex.org/W2058549613","https://openalex.org/W4386427838","https://openalex.org/W3178760882","https://openalex.org/W2605253479","https://openalex.org/W2049189005"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,49,89,195,224],"study":[1,22,203,245],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,26,159,255],"novel":[4,143],"method":[5],"for":[6,201],"detecting":[7],"and":[8,45],"measuring":[9],"transparent":[10],"glass":[11,87,155,173],"sheets":[12],"using":[13,73,111],"hyperspectral":[14,81],"imaging":[15],"(HSI).":[16],"The":[17,66,105,142,207],"main":[18],"goal":[19],"of":[20,54,95,138,145,153,171,185,204,229,239,254],"this":[21,70,244],"is":[23,72,216],"to":[24,77,220],"create":[25],"conversion":[27],"technique":[28,50,116,234],"that":[29,98,241],"can":[30],"accurately":[31],"display":[32],"spectral":[33,56,107],"information":[34],"from":[35,84,131,243],"collected":[36],"images,":[37],"particularly":[38],"in":[39,69,101,135,158,168,175,182],"the":[40,52,79,93,102,112,118,136,151,154,169,172,176,183,192,199,202,213,226,233,248,252],"visible":[41],"light":[42,96,187],"spectrum":[43],"(VIS)":[44],"near-infrared":[46],"(NIR)":[47],"areas.":[48],"enables":[51],"capture":[53],"relevant":[55],"data":[57,129],"when":[58],"used":[59],"with":[60,127],"images":[61,82,146],"provided":[62],"by":[63,232],"industrial":[64],"cameras.":[65],"next":[67],"step":[68],"investigation":[71,240],"principal":[74],"component":[75],"analysis":[76],"examine":[78],"obtained":[80,110,130],"derived":[83],"different":[85,189],"treated":[86],"samples.":[88],"analytical":[90],"procedure":[91],"standardizes":[92],"magnitude":[94],"wavelengths":[97,190],"are":[99,109,124,246],"inherent":[100],"HSI":[103,120],"images.":[104,121],"simulated":[106],"profiles":[108,123],"generalized":[113],"inverse":[114],"matrix":[115],"on":[117,164],"normalized":[119],"These":[122],"then":[125],"matched":[126],"spectroscopic":[128],"microscopic":[132],"imaging,":[133],"resulting":[134],"observation":[137],"distinct":[139],"dispersion":[140],"patterns.":[141],"use":[144],"coloring":[147],"methods":[148],"effectively":[149],"displays":[150],"thickness":[152,170],"processing":[156],"sheet":[157],"visually":[160],"noticeable":[161],"way.":[162],"Based":[163],"empirical":[165],"research,":[166],"changes":[167,181],"coating":[174],"NIR-HSI":[177],"range":[178],"cause":[179],"significant":[180],"transmission":[184],"infrared":[186],"at":[188],"within":[191],"NIR":[193,214],"spectrum.":[194],"phenomenon":[196],"serves":[197],"as":[198],"foundation":[200],"film":[205],"thickness.":[206],"root":[208],"mean":[209],"square":[210],"error":[211],"inside":[212],"area":[215],"impressively":[217],"low,":[218],"calculated":[219],"be":[221],"just":[222],"0.02.":[223],"highlights":[225],"high":[227],"level":[228],"accuracy":[230],"achieved":[231],"stated":[235],"above.":[236],"Potential":[237],"areas":[238],"arise":[242],"incorporating":[247],"proposed":[249],"approach":[250],"into":[251],"design":[253],"real-time,":[256],"wide-scale":[257],"automated":[258],"optical":[259],"inspection":[260],"system.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}