{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401325991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24155066","title":"Impact of Perception Errors in Vision-Based Detection and Tracking Pipelines on Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Driving Systems","display_name":"Impact of Perception Errors in Vision-Based Detection and Tracking Pipelines on Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction in Autonomous Driving Systems","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401325991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24155066","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39124114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24155066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24155066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/15/5066/pdf?version=1722858711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/15/5066/pdf?version=1722858711","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wen-Hui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-5256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Hui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2015-5256","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiann-Cherng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3710-373X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiann-Cherng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3710-373X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017205862","display_name":"Yury Davydov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8596-4196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yury Davydov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8596-4196","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109758770","display_name":"Wei-Chen Yeh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Chen Yeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Automation Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082247652","display_name":"Yu\u2010Chen Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6735-0473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4880106","display_name":"Feng Chia University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vhczg54","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chen Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automatic Control Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6735-0473","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automatic Control Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 40724, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082247652"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4880106"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.9499,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73427681,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"15","first_page":"5066","last_page":"5066"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.8992390632629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedestrian","display_name":"Pedestrian","score":0.6756402254104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.67331862449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6581358313560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5942026972770691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5152085423469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.46095991134643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-modelling","display_name":"Predictive modelling","score":0.44697579741477966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3689490854740143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3408992886543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.31395113468170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2061370313167572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.12771019339561462}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.8992390632629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777113093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221488","display_name":"Pedestrian","level":2,"score":0.6756402254104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.67331862449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6581358313560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5942026972770691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5152085423469543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.46095991134643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.44697579741477966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3689490854740143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3408992886543274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.31395113468170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2061370313167572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.12771019339561462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24155066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24155066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/15/5066/pdf?version=1722858711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39124114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39124114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11314745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11314745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:970acb9dff8a47b6a53cf900d76dbfd1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/970acb9dff8a47b6a53cf900d76dbfd1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 15, p 5066 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24155066","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24155066","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/15/5066/pdf?version=1722858711","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401325991.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125693051","https://openalex.org/W1970206276","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2097545165","https://openalex.org/W2116600804","https://openalex.org/W2132947399","https://openalex.org/W2142996775","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2167052694","https://openalex.org/W2424778531","https://openalex.org/W2519586580","https://openalex.org/W2520707372","https://openalex.org/W2532516272","https://openalex.org/W2603203130","https://openalex.org/W2766836212","https://openalex.org/W2806446538","https://openalex.org/W2951234442","https://openalex.org/W2954414836","https://openalex.org/W2955189650","https://openalex.org/W2962687116","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2962804601","https://openalex.org/W2963001155","https://openalex.org/W2963488291","https://openalex.org/W2991484432","https://openalex.org/W3010985198","https://openalex.org/W3034604951","https://openalex.org/W3035096461","https://openalex.org/W3035564946","https://openalex.org/W3035692480","https://openalex.org/W3042505632","https://openalex.org/W3097237405","https://openalex.org/W3120644635","https://openalex.org/W3136121014","https://openalex.org/W4283815377","https://openalex.org/W4285803579","https://openalex.org/W4309119350","https://openalex.org/W4313886686","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4399150137","https://openalex.org/W6685261749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2392100589","https://openalex.org/W2512789322","https://openalex.org/W2101960027","https://openalex.org/W2197846993","https://openalex.org/W49697837","https://openalex.org/W2586575957","https://openalex.org/W3122828758","https://openalex.org/W2170799233","https://openalex.org/W2768112316","https://openalex.org/W4205958986"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pedestrian":[0],"trajectory":[1,34,58,81,132,156,199],"prediction":[2,35,59,82,133,157,200],"is":[3],"crucial":[4],"for":[5,32],"developing":[6],"collision":[7],"avoidance":[8],"algorithms":[9],"in":[10,80,168],"autonomous":[11],"driving":[12],"systems,":[13],"aiming":[14],"to":[15,45,74,106,170],"predict":[16],"the":[17,21,47,51,55,63,66,86,95,108,122,140,147,155,178,186],"future":[18],"movement":[19,49],"of":[20,39,50,57,65,111,125,146,177,189],"detected":[22],"pedestrians":[23],"based":[24],"on":[25,62,154,194],"their":[26,75,151],"past":[27],"trajectories.":[28],"The":[29,77],"traditional":[30],"methods":[31],"pedestrian":[33],"involve":[36],"a":[37,172],"sequence":[38],"tasks,":[40,196],"including":[41],"detection":[42,67,99,113,190],"and":[43,68,100,114,131,149,191,201],"tracking":[44,69,101,115,192],"gather":[46],"historical":[48],"observed":[52],"pedestrians.":[53],"Consequently,":[54],"accuracy":[56,64],"heavily":[60],"relies":[61],"models,":[70],"making":[71],"it":[72],"susceptible":[73],"performance.":[76],"prior":[78],"research":[79],"has":[83],"mainly":[84],"assessed":[85],"model":[87],"performance":[88],"using":[89],"public":[90],"datasets,":[91],"which":[92],"often":[93],"overlook":[94],"errors":[96,126,141,193],"originating":[97],"from":[98,181],"models.":[102],"This":[103],"oversight":[104],"fails":[105],"capture":[107],"real-world":[109],"scenario":[110],"inevitable":[112],"inaccuracies.":[116],"In":[117],"this":[118],"study,":[119],"we":[120,138],"investigate":[121],"cumulative":[123],"effect":[124],"within":[127],"integrated":[128,183],"detection,":[129],"tracking,":[130],"pipelines.":[134],"Through":[135],"empirical":[136],"analysis,":[137],"examine":[139],"introduced":[142],"at":[143],"each":[144],"stage":[145],"pipeline":[148],"assess":[150],"collective":[152],"impact":[153],"accuracy.":[158],"We":[159],"evaluate":[160],"these":[161,182],"models":[162],"across":[163],"various":[164],"custom":[165],"datasets":[166],"collected":[167],"Taiwan":[169],"provide":[171],"comprehensive":[173],"assessment.":[174],"Our":[175],"analysis":[176],"results":[179],"derived":[180],"pipelines":[184],"illuminates":[185],"significant":[187],"influence":[188],"downstream":[195],"such":[197],"as":[198],"distance":[202],"estimation.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}