{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401246756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24155006","title":"Attribute Feature Perturbation-Based Augmentation of SAR Target Data","display_name":"Attribute Feature Perturbation-Based Augmentation of SAR Target Data","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401246756","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24155006","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39124052"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24155006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24155006","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/15/5006/pdf?version=1722592324","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/15/5006/pdf?version=1722592324","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112317601","display_name":"R. Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rubo Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083961784","display_name":"Jianda Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2410-9778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15823474","display_name":"Linyi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01knv0402","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15823474"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianda Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15823474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392138","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9702-4441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085862994","display_name":"Huiqiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8977-7999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiqiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100400217","display_name":"Jun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7835-9871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Automatic Target Recognition, College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100392138"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":5.4279,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95078682,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"15","first_page":"5006","last_page":"5006"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7518483400344849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6734469532966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5442777276039124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.46213167905807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4512185752391815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4393080472946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.42962706089019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.41477128863334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.41146165132522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.31580930948257446}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7518483400344849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6734469532966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.5442777276039124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.46213167905807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4512185752391815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4393080472946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42962706089019775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.41477128863334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41146165132522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.31580930948257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24155006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24155006","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/15/5006/pdf?version=1722592324","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39124052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39124052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11314702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11314702","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11314702/pdf/sensors-24-05006.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b23b14b8991e4d0690d9d55a6addddd4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b23b14b8991e4d0690d9d55a6addddd4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 15, p 5006 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24155006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24155006","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/15/5006/pdf?version=1722592324","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401246756.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2141983208","https://openalex.org/W2168844904","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2796231465","https://openalex.org/W2797610275","https://openalex.org/W2806263990","https://openalex.org/W2900193097","https://openalex.org/W2930755307","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2963223306","https://openalex.org/W2985060393","https://openalex.org/W2997085028","https://openalex.org/W3020914556","https://openalex.org/W3041018489","https://openalex.org/W3042011474","https://openalex.org/W3064600323","https://openalex.org/W3119312984","https://openalex.org/W3145211975","https://openalex.org/W3187736118","https://openalex.org/W3198340997","https://openalex.org/W4206351484","https://openalex.org/W4288782911","https://openalex.org/W4291653307","https://openalex.org/W4292382497","https://openalex.org/W4297549407","https://openalex.org/W4322503117","https://openalex.org/W4362468234","https://openalex.org/W4376105338","https://openalex.org/W4385671513","https://openalex.org/W4391089630","https://openalex.org/W4391312153","https://openalex.org/W4391404918","https://openalex.org/W4392854921","https://openalex.org/W4399055508","https://openalex.org/W6793072434","https://openalex.org/W6806343435","https://openalex.org/W6841071207"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W4388685194","https://openalex.org/W4312407344","https://openalex.org/W2894289927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large-scale,":[0],"diverse,":[1],"and":[2,8,18,78,122,189,206,227,255],"high-quality":[3],"data":[4],"are":[5,39],"the":[6,26,30,57,84,112,129,136,146,152,160,164,167,173,182,186,190,195,210,215,218,225,265,269],"basis":[7],"key":[9],"to":[10,127,151,172],"achieving":[11,103],"a":[12,63,104,243],"good":[13],"generalization":[14],"of":[15,33,51,87,108,131,138,169,217,224,248,253,259,268],"target":[16,140],"detection":[17],"recognition":[19],"algorithms":[20],"based":[21],"on":[22],"deep":[23],"learning.":[24],"However,":[25],"existing":[27],"methods":[28,154],"for":[29,80,102,197],"intelligent":[31],"augmentation":[32,67,137,153],"synthetic":[34],"aperture":[35],"radar":[36],"(SAR)":[37],"images":[38,141,229,237],"confronted":[40],"with":[41],"several":[42],"issues,":[43],"including":[44,116],"training":[45,198],"instability,":[46],"inferior":[47],"image":[48],"quality,":[49],"lack":[50],"physical":[52],"interpretability,":[53],"etc.":[54],"To":[55],"solve":[56],"above":[58],"problems,":[59],"this":[60,134,240],"paper":[61],"proposes":[62],"feature-level":[64],"SAR":[65,139,220],"target-data":[66],"method.":[68,271],"First,":[69],"an":[70,91],"enhanced":[71],"capsule":[72],"neural":[73],"network":[74],"(CapsNet)":[75],"is":[76,97,100,142,230],"proposed":[77,161,270],"employed":[79],"feature":[81],"extraction,":[82],"decoupling":[83,95],"attribute":[85,94,114],"information":[86],"input":[88,168,187],"data.":[89,199,221],"Moreover,":[90],"attention":[92],"mechanism-based":[93],"framework":[96],"used,":[98],"which":[99,213],"beneficial":[101],"more":[105],"effective":[106],"representation":[107],"features.":[109,132,148],"After":[110],"that,":[111],"decoupled":[113],"feature,":[115],"amplitude,":[117],"elevation":[118],"angle,":[119,121],"azimuth":[120],"shape,":[123],"can":[124],"be":[125],"perturbed":[126,147],"increase":[128],"diversity":[130],"On":[133],"basis,":[135],"realized":[143],"by":[144,239],"reconstructing":[145],"In":[149,200],"contrast":[150],"using":[155,232],"random":[156],"noise":[157],"as":[158],"input,":[159],"method":[162,180,241],"realizes":[163],"mapping":[165,179],"from":[166],"known":[170],"distribution":[171],"change":[174],"in":[175,209],"unknown":[176],"distribution.":[177],"This":[178],"reduces":[181],"correlation":[183],"distance":[184],"between":[185],"signal":[188],"augmented":[191,219,228],"data,":[192],"therefore":[193],"diminishing":[194],"demand":[196],"addition,":[201],"we":[202],"combine":[203],"pixel":[204],"loss":[205,208],"perceptual":[207],"reconstruction":[211],"process,":[212],"improves":[214],"quality":[216],"The":[222,236,261],"evaluation":[223],"real":[226],"conducted":[231],"four":[233],"assessment":[234],"metrics.":[235],"generated":[238],"achieve":[242],"peak":[244],"signal-to-noise":[245],"ratio":[246],"(PSNR)":[247],"21.6845,":[249],"radiometric":[250],"resolution":[251],"(RL)":[252],"3.7114,":[254],"dynamic":[256],"range":[257],"(DR)":[258],"24.0654.":[260],"experimental":[262],"results":[263],"demonstrate":[264],"superior":[266],"performance":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}