{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401246974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24155001","title":"Memristive True Random Number Generator for Security Applications","display_name":"Memristive True Random Number Generator for Security Applications","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401246974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24155001","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39124048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24155001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24155001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/15/5001/pdf?version=1722588568","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/15/5001/pdf?version=1722588568","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017334454","display_name":"Xianyue Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-2380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801349226","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02se0t636","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76198965","display_name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/05qpz1x62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianyue Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Quantum Detection, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany","Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-2380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Quantum Detection, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068256184","display_name":"Li-Wei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1354-2699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Wei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1354-2699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108059477","display_name":"Kefeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5411-4212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801349226","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02se0t636","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76198965","display_name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/05qpz1x62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kefeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Quantum Detection, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany","Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Quantum Detection, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063758758","display_name":"Heidemarie Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7100-6926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801349226","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02se0t636","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76198965","display_name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/05qpz1x62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heidemarie Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Quantum Detection, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany","Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Quantum Detection, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027416202","display_name":"Ilia Polian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6563-2725"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100066346","display_name":"University of Stuttgart","ror":"https://ror.org/04vnq7t77","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilia Polian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6563-2725","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100066346"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044937811","display_name":"Nan Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7775-7795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801349226","display_name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02se0t636","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226","https://openalex.org/I315704651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76198965","display_name":"Friedrich Schiller University Jena","ror":"https://ror.org/05qpz1x62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Quantum Detection, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany","Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7775-7795","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Quantum Detection, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), 07745 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76198965"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044937811"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801349226","https://openalex.org/I76198965"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.5289,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82813522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"15","first_page":"5001","last_page":"5001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.5735865235328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5051625370979309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.48920726776123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2950561046600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16253447532653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.1075616180896759}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.5735865235328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5051625370979309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.48920726776123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2950561046600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16253447532653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.1075616180896759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24155001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24155001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/15/5001/pdf?version=1722588568","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39124048","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39124048","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11314823","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11314823","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11314823/pdf/sensors-24-05001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:38fcc9eb372a43748832d4d36403219d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/38fcc9eb372a43748832d4d36403219d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 15, p 5001 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.db-thueringen.de:dbt_mods_00062446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:gbv:27-dbt-62446-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400120","display_name":"Common Library Network (Der Gemeinsame Bibliotheksverbund)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210149878","host_organization_name":"Verbundzentrale des GBV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210149878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24155001","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24155001","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/15/5001/pdf?version=1722588568","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3243996503","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PO 1220/15-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G446763019","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"512648189","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8989394807","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DU 1896/2-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4401246974.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W101614012","https://openalex.org/W1541097170","https://openalex.org/W1542981317","https://openalex.org/W1661620946","https://openalex.org/W1975229527","https://openalex.org/W1982630937","https://openalex.org/W1992975559","https://openalex.org/W2007300900","https://openalex.org/W2010205010","https://openalex.org/W2036899386","https://openalex.org/W2066280488","https://openalex.org/W2072734492","https://openalex.org/W2091872247","https://openalex.org/W2094325813","https://openalex.org/W2098543956","https://openalex.org/W2112181056","https://openalex.org/W2113158626","https://openalex.org/W2113322447","https://openalex.org/W2159543793","https://openalex.org/W2162651880","https://openalex.org/W2468750783","https://openalex.org/W2526646482","https://openalex.org/W2583505690","https://openalex.org/W2751770571","https://openalex.org/W2762731122","https://openalex.org/W2775771159","https://openalex.org/W2888961626","https://openalex.org/W2897645644","https://openalex.org/W2941503442","https://openalex.org/W2943432184","https://openalex.org/W2949224578","https://openalex.org/W2951990515","https://openalex.org/W3009107341","https://openalex.org/W3097843109","https://openalex.org/W3112007195","https://openalex.org/W3128698472","https://openalex.org/W3164992956","https://openalex.org/W3167180275","https://openalex.org/W3176773246","https://openalex.org/W4224215773","https://openalex.org/W4225585995","https://openalex.org/W4234063673","https://openalex.org/W4235522894","https://openalex.org/W4255059139","https://openalex.org/W4281782594","https://openalex.org/W4281874271","https://openalex.org/W4295852309","https://openalex.org/W4308338901","https://openalex.org/W4310172260","https://openalex.org/W4328007110","https://openalex.org/W4365447528","https://openalex.org/W4389240345","https://openalex.org/W4392796029","https://openalex.org/W4393031443","https://openalex.org/W4399139599","https://openalex.org/W4399207327"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,87],"explores":[2],"memristor-based":[3,130],"true":[4],"random":[5,44,108],"number":[6],"generators":[7],"(TRNGs)":[8],"through":[9],"their":[10,53,74],"evolution":[11],"and":[12,27,55,77],"optimization,":[13],"stemming":[14],"from":[15,37],"the":[16],"concept":[17],"of":[18,113],"memristors":[19,92],"first":[20],"introduced":[21],"by":[22,102],"Leon":[23],"Chua":[24],"in":[25,29],"1971":[26],"realized":[28],"2008.":[30],"We":[31],"will":[32,62],"consider":[33],"memristor":[34,68],"TRNGs":[35,61,69,131],"coming":[36],"various":[38],"entropy":[39,95],"sources":[40,96],"for":[41,129],"producing":[42],"high-quality":[43],"numbers.":[45],"However,":[46],"we":[47],"must":[48],"take":[49],"into":[50,84],"account":[51],"both":[52],"strengths":[54],"weaknesses.":[56],"The":[57,111],"comparison":[58],"with":[59,124],"CMOS-based":[60],"serve":[63],"as":[64,93],"an":[65],"illustration":[66],"that":[67,97],"stand":[70],"out":[71],"due":[72],"to":[73,105],"simpler":[75],"circuits":[76],"lower":[78],"power":[79],"consumption\u2014":[80],"thus":[81],"leading":[82],"us":[83,117],"a":[85],"case":[86],"involving":[88],"electroless":[89],"YMnO3":[90],"(YMO)":[91],"TRNG":[94],"demonstrate":[98],"good":[99],"security":[100,135],"properties":[101],"being":[103],"able":[104],"produce":[106],"unpredictable":[107],"numbers":[109],"effectively.":[110],"end":[112],"our":[114],"analysis":[115],"sees":[116],"pinpointing":[118],"challenges:":[119],"post-processing":[120],"algorithm":[121],"optimization":[122],"coupled":[123],"ensuring":[125],"reliability":[126],"over":[127],"time":[128],"aimed":[132],"at":[133],"next-generation":[134],"applications.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}