{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400935352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24154790","title":"A Single-Camera-Based Three-Dimensional Velocity Field Measurement Method for Granular Media in Mass Finishing with Deep Learning","display_name":"A Single-Camera-Based Three-Dimensional Velocity Field Measurement Method for Granular Media in Mass Finishing with Deep Learning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400935352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24154790","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39123840"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24154790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24154790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24154790","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jie Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1239-5261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1239-5261","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109751803","display_name":"Chunyue Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyue Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100668124","display_name":"Yiqun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4398-5298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101013549","display_name":"Junfei Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8838-1885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junfei Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8838-1885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100339851","display_name":"Wenhui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9609-6120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Jinzhong 030600, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101013549"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.6131,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6691552,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"15","first_page":"4790","last_page":"4790"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.6189176440238953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5715314149856567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5634980797767639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5352087616920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/displacement","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","score":0.5090188980102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4497336447238922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.4461560547351837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.44589662551879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilation","display_name":"Dilation (metric space)","score":0.430513471364975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3473334312438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.33937934041023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28553342819213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19388902187347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15445753931999207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.14606058597564697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.10497051477432251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.6189176440238953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5715314149856567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5634980797767639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5352087616920471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5090188980102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4497336447238922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.4461560547351837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44589662551879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780757906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276676","display_name":"Dilation (metric space)","level":2,"score":0.430513471364975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3473334312438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.33937934041023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28553342819213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19388902187347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15445753931999207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.14606058597564697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.10497051477432251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24154790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24154790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39123840","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39123840","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11314799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11314799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:adb33be9603f4598800c45d0d2277069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/adb33be9603f4598800c45d0d2277069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 15, p 4790 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24154790","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24154790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1008414163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12332017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1062292703","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12172242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336581","funder_display_name":"Chunhui Project Foundation of the Education Department of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1443943161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12102284","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2011325346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12102284","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336581","funder_display_name":"Chunhui Project Foundation of the Education Department of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2215911321","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12102284","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326179","funder_display_name":"Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2332128528","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12172242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4294317232","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12332017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326179","funder_display_name":"Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5005840756","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12332017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336581","funder_display_name":"Chunhui Project Foundation of the Education Department of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5914318320","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12172242","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326179","funder_display_name":"Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6007696932","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202200257","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336581","funder_display_name":"Chunhui Project Foundation of the Education Department of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7219774249","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20210302124262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326179","funder_display_name":"Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7766179739","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20210302124262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336581","funder_display_name":"Chunhui Project Foundation of the Education Department of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8874665348","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202200257","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326179","funder_display_name":"Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326179","display_name":"Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336581","display_name":"Chunhui Project Foundation of the Education Department of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21877","https://openalex.org/W572326722","https://openalex.org/W618805339","https://openalex.org/W764651262","https://openalex.org/W1578285471","https://openalex.org/W1755205674","https://openalex.org/W1992213372","https://openalex.org/W1994566339","https://openalex.org/W2008236905","https://openalex.org/W2019409350","https://openalex.org/W2038409881","https://openalex.org/W2056211204","https://openalex.org/W2064586097","https://openalex.org/W2066815131","https://openalex.org/W2069313961","https://openalex.org/W2072772259","https://openalex.org/W2087816909","https://openalex.org/W2093748812","https://openalex.org/W2108858258","https://openalex.org/W2124506588","https://openalex.org/W2129404737","https://openalex.org/W2131265814","https://openalex.org/W2139231828","https://openalex.org/W2151502878","https://openalex.org/W2170680145","https://openalex.org/W2171740948","https://openalex.org/W2192210730","https://openalex.org/W2444481955","https://openalex.org/W2516810045","https://openalex.org/W2560474170","https://openalex.org/W2588744532","https://openalex.org/W2604558409","https://openalex.org/W2614282005","https://openalex.org/W2964156315","https://openalex.org/W4250666038","https://openalex.org/W4317821428"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3132983279","https://openalex.org/W4255837520","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2495356367","https://openalex.org/W2387011115","https://openalex.org/W4234808182","https://openalex.org/W2382043075","https://openalex.org/W1522520750","https://openalex.org/W2809151339","https://openalex.org/W2216913934"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Surface":[0],"treatment":[1],"processes":[2],"such":[3,42],"as":[4,43],"mass":[5,31],"finishing":[6,32,159],"play":[7],"a":[8,71,88,138,156,181,192,198],"crucial":[9],"role":[10],"in":[11,30,61,124,155,168],"enhancing":[12],"the":[13,24,54,79,94,99,104,110,118,145,150,162,165,170],"quality":[14],"of":[15,23,27,59,83,98,109,132,144,164,173,210],"machined":[16],"parts":[17],"across":[18],"industries.":[19],"However,":[20],"accurate":[21,123],"measurement":[22,37,90,105,190],"velocity":[25,81,188],"field":[26,82,189],"granular":[28,84,174],"media":[29],"presents":[33],"significant":[34],"challenges.":[35],"Existing":[36],"methods":[38],"suffer":[39],"from":[40],"issues":[41,68],"complex":[44],"and":[45,57,92,96,137,187,222],"expensive":[46],"equipment,":[47],"limited":[48],"to":[49,77,200,213,217,225],"single-point":[50],"measurements,":[51],"interference":[52],"with":[53,74,107,128,204],"flow":[55,172],"field,":[56],"lack":[58],"universality":[60],"different":[62],"scenarios.":[63],"This":[64,176],"study":[65],"addresses":[66],"these":[67],"by":[69,102],"proposing":[70],"single-camera-based":[72],"method":[73,101,120,167,183],"deep":[75,202,215],"learning":[76,203,216],"measure":[78],"three-dimensional":[80,171,185],"flow.":[85],"We":[86],"constructed":[87],"complete":[89],"system":[91],"analyzed":[93],"accuracy":[95],"performance":[97],"proposed":[100,119,166,180],"comparing":[103],"results":[106,115],"those":[108],"traditional":[111,146,205,219],"DIC":[112,147],"algorithm.":[113],"The":[114],"show":[116],"that":[117,141],"is":[121,142,209],"very":[122],"measuring":[125],"spatial":[126],"displacement,":[127],"an":[129],"average":[130],"error":[131],"less":[133],"than":[134],"0.07":[135],"mm":[136],"calculation":[139],"speed":[140],"1291.67%":[143],"algorithm":[148],"under":[149],"same":[151],"conditions.":[152],"Additionally,":[153],"experiments":[154],"bowl-type":[157],"vibratory":[158],"machine":[160],"demonstrate":[161],"feasibility":[163],"capturing":[169],"media.":[175],"research":[177],"not":[178],"only":[179],"novel":[182],"for":[184],"reconstruction":[186],"using":[191],"single-color":[193],"camera,":[194],"but":[195],"also":[196],"demonstrated":[197],"way":[199],"combine":[201],"optical":[206,220],"techniques.":[207],"It":[208],"great":[211],"significance":[212],"introduce":[214],"improve":[218],"techniques":[221],"apply":[223],"them":[224],"practical":[226],"engineering":[227],"measurements.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
