{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400876116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144736","title":"An Optimal Spatio-Temporal Hybrid Model Based on Wavelet Transform for Early Fault Detection","display_name":"An Optimal Spatio-Temporal Hybrid Model Based on Wavelet Transform for Early Fault Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400876116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144736","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39066135"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24144736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144736","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/14/4736/pdf?version=1721559152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/14/4736/pdf?version=1721559152","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109710946","display_name":"Jingyang Xing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyang Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chang Chien, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chang Chien, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101993944","display_name":"Fangfang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangfang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Chang Chien, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Chang Chien, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102970217","display_name":"Xiaoyu Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5197-1988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024531179","display_name":"Qiuyue Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-8201"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiuyue Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024531179"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":1.1335,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7517387,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"14","first_page":"4736","last_page":"4736"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.9876999855041504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.7220954895019531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mahalanobis-distance","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","score":0.653950035572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cusum","display_name":"CUSUM","score":0.641655683517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5856360793113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5827702283859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5415987372398376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.5392853617668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.5209628343582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.4620600938796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.45797985792160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sliding-window-protocol","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","score":0.4510100781917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41620054841041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4156271517276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.41377368569374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3667914867401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24410462379455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2257559895515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13653936982154846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.11562147736549377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.08958005905151367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.7220954895019531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1921717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334846","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","level":2,"score":0.653950035572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178518018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1024555","display_name":"CUSUM","level":2,"score":0.641655683517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5856360793113708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5827702283859253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5415987372398376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.5392853617668152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.5209628343582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4620600938796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.45797985792160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102392041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592860","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","level":3,"score":0.4510100781917572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41620054841041565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4156271517276764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.41377368569374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3667914867401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24410462379455566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2257559895515442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13653936982154846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.11562147736549377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.08958005905151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24144736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144736","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/14/4736/pdf?version=1721559152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39066135","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39066135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11280634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11280634","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11280634/pdf/sensors-24-04736.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:327912d02a9d4f74b2e5f8a552bfef27","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/327912d02a9d4f74b2e5f8a552bfef27","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 14, p 4736 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24144736","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144736","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/14/4736/pdf?version=1721559152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400876116.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2333954856","https://openalex.org/W2766943580","https://openalex.org/W2788918177","https://openalex.org/W2915102537","https://openalex.org/W2946009899","https://openalex.org/W2971536724","https://openalex.org/W2982254562","https://openalex.org/W2982666070","https://openalex.org/W2984520427","https://openalex.org/W3009258736","https://openalex.org/W3035330751","https://openalex.org/W3041410454","https://openalex.org/W3043149731","https://openalex.org/W3104819050","https://openalex.org/W3108461334","https://openalex.org/W3128944770","https://openalex.org/W3135832851","https://openalex.org/W3170839896","https://openalex.org/W4200284905","https://openalex.org/W4210325776","https://openalex.org/W4213065254","https://openalex.org/W4214915974","https://openalex.org/W4220907323","https://openalex.org/W4283661858","https://openalex.org/W4285065952","https://openalex.org/W4292313839","https://openalex.org/W4293239569","https://openalex.org/W4299879670","https://openalex.org/W4316660949","https://openalex.org/W4317931974","https://openalex.org/W4322707247","https://openalex.org/W4328054996","https://openalex.org/W4385234839","https://openalex.org/W4387422482","https://openalex.org/W4391146060","https://openalex.org/W4392362810","https://openalex.org/W4392662162","https://openalex.org/W4395002075","https://openalex.org/W4395006485","https://openalex.org/W6774443835","https://openalex.org/W6809299303"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056974159","https://openalex.org/W2753583628","https://openalex.org/W2138199368","https://openalex.org/W1788036421","https://openalex.org/W2927068219","https://openalex.org/W1993929036","https://openalex.org/W3094086031","https://openalex.org/W3210391122","https://openalex.org/W2774527540","https://openalex.org/W1912896918"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"optimal":[1,154],"spatio-temporal":[2],"hybrid":[3,96,136],"model":[4],"(STHM)":[5],"based":[6],"on":[7],"wavelet":[8],"transform":[9],"(WT)":[10],"is":[11,43,127],"proposed":[12,177],"to":[13,45,70,93,105,129,140],"improve":[14,195],"the":[15,27,47,52,64,72,82,87,95,107,121,131,135,142,152,157,162,168,173],"sensitivity":[16],"and":[17,30,63,78,86,100,113,115,185,192,199],"accuracy":[18],"of":[19,54,134,161,170],"detecting":[20],"slowly":[21],"evolving":[22],"faults":[23],"that":[24,172],"occur":[25],"in":[26,35,75,156],"early":[28,158],"stage":[29],"easily":[31],"submerge":[32],"with":[33,98,167],"noise":[34],"complex":[36],"industrial":[37],"production":[38,197],"systems.":[39],"Specifically,":[40],"a":[41,58,179,186],"WT":[42],"performed":[44],"denoise":[46],"original":[48],"data,":[49],"thus":[50],"reducing":[51],"influence":[53],"background":[55],"noise.":[56],"Then,":[57],"principal":[59],"component":[60],"analysis":[61],"(PCA)":[62],"sliding":[65],"window":[66],"algorithm":[67],"are":[68,91,148],"used":[69,92,128],"acquire":[71],"nearest":[73],"neighbors":[74],"both":[76,196],"spatial":[77,99],"time":[79],"dimensions.":[80],"Subsequently,":[81],"cumulative":[83],"sum":[84],"(CUSUM)":[85],"mahalanobis":[88],"distance":[89],"(MD)":[90],"reconstruct":[94],"statistic":[97,137],"temporal":[101,111],"sequences.":[102],"It":[103],"helps":[104],"enhance":[106],"correlation":[108],"between":[109],"high-frequency":[110],"dynamics":[112],"space":[114],"improves":[116],"fault":[117,143,159,174,181],"detection":[118,144,160,175,182],"precision.":[119],"Moreover,":[120],"kernel":[122],"density":[123],"estimation":[124],"(KDE)":[125],"method":[126,176],"estimate":[130],"upper":[132],"threshold":[133],"so":[138],"as":[139],"optimize":[141],"process.":[145],"Finally,":[146],"simulations":[147],"conducted":[149],"by":[150],"applying":[151],"WT-based":[153],"STHM":[155],"Tennessee":[163],"Eastman":[164],"(TE)":[165],"process,":[166],"aim":[169],"proving":[171],"has":[178],"high":[180],"rate":[183,190],"(FDR)":[184],"low":[187],"false":[188],"alarm":[189],"(FAR),":[191],"it":[193],"can":[194],"safety":[198],"product":[200],"quality.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
