{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400807107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144695","title":"Noninvasive Electromagnetic Neuromodulation of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System for Upper-Limb Motor Strength and Functionality in Individuals with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","display_name":"Noninvasive Electromagnetic Neuromodulation of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System for Upper-Limb Motor Strength and Functionality in Individuals with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400807107","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144695","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39066092"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24144695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144695","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/14/4695/pdf?version=1721640572","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/14/4695/pdf?version=1721640572","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047273231","display_name":"Loreto Garc\u00eda-Al\u00e9n","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113915","display_name":"Institut Guttmann","ror":"https://ror.org/01xcgd076","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113915"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Loreto Garc\u00eda-Al\u00e9n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fundaci\u00f3n Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorrehabilitaci\u00f3 Adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain","Universitat Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fundaci\u00f3n Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorrehabilitaci\u00f3 Adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092560210","display_name":"Aina Ros-Alsina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113915","display_name":"Institut Guttmann","ror":"https://ror.org/01xcgd076","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113915"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aina Ros-Alsina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fundaci\u00f3n Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorrehabilitaci\u00f3 Adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fundaci\u00f3n Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorrehabilitaci\u00f3 Adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041321777","display_name":"Laura Sistach-Bosch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3293-1128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113915","display_name":"Institut Guttmann","ror":"https://ror.org/01xcgd076","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113915"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Sistach-Bosch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fundaci\u00f3n Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorrehabilitaci\u00f3 Adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fundaci\u00f3n Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorrehabilitaci\u00f3 Adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079037318","display_name":"Mark Andrew Wright","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8205-8246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113915","display_name":"Institut Guttmann","ror":"https://ror.org/01xcgd076","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113915"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Wright","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fundaci\u00f3n Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorrehabilitaci\u00f3 Adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fundaci\u00f3n Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorrehabilitaci\u00f3 Adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031501646","display_name":"Hatice Kumru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0501-1660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137002","display_name":"Institut d'Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol","ror":"https://ror.org/03bzdww12","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137002","https://openalex.org/I4387153040"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","display_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","ror":"https://ror.org/052g8jq94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113915","display_name":"Institut Guttmann","ror":"https://ror.org/01xcgd076","country_code":"ES","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113915"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hatice Kumru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fundaci\u00f3 Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e9ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain","Fundaci\u00f3n Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorrehabilitaci\u00f3 Adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain","Universitat Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fundaci\u00f3 Institut d\u2019Investigaci\u00f3 en Ci\u00e9ncies de la Salut Germans Trias i Pujol, 08916 Badalona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fundaci\u00f3n Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorrehabilitaci\u00f3 Adscrit a la UAB, 08916 Badalona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat Aut\u00f3noma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031501646","https://openalex.org/A5047273231"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123044942","https://openalex.org/I4210113915","https://openalex.org/I4210137002"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":6.4305,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97090858,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"14","first_page":"4695","last_page":"4695"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10925","display_name":"Spinal Cord Injury Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10510","display_name":"Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromodulation","display_name":"Neuromodulation","score":0.837709903717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.7712778449058533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.7291049957275391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","score":0.6402291059494019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.6244292855262756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-cord-injury","display_name":"Spinal cord injury","score":0.6018534302711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-analysis","score":0.551032304763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-electrical-stimulation","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","score":0.5358995199203491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rehabilitation","display_name":"Rehabilitation","score":0.5007896423339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-limb","display_name":"Upper limb","score":0.44153591990470886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomized-controlled-trial","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","score":0.42569616436958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.41944658756256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinal-cord","display_name":"Spinal cord","score":0.40434277057647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.2742452621459961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medline","display_name":"MEDLINE","score":0.23052266240119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.171983003616333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780375056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905905","display_name":"Neuromodulation","level":3,"score":0.837709903717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7712778449058533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.7291049957275391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.6402291059494019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.6244292855262756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415275","display_name":"Spinal cord injury","level":3,"score":0.6018534302711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.551032304763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777766275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327643","display_name":"Functional electrical stimulation","level":3,"score":0.5358995199203491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778818304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1819478","display_name":"Rehabilitation","level":2,"score":0.5007896423339844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776660947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841423","display_name":"Upper limb","level":2,"score":0.44153591990470886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.42569616436958313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.41944658756256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780775167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9606","display_name":"Spinal cord","level":2,"score":0.40434277057647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.2742452621459961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.23052266240119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.171983003616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002490","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000528","qualifier_name":"radiation effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004561","descriptor_name":"Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004561","descriptor_name":"Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004561","descriptor_name":"Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004561","descriptor_name":"Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004561","descriptor_name":"Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000534","qualifier_name":"rehabilitation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013119","descriptor_name":"Spinal Cord Injuries","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017933","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017933","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017933","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017933","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017933","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Nervous System","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D034941","descriptor_name":"Upper Extremity","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050781","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D065908","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065908","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065908","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065908","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D065908","descriptor_name":"Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066193","descriptor_name":"Cervical Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000293","qualifier_name":"injuries","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066193","descriptor_name":"Cervical Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000293","qualifier_name":"injuries","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066193","descriptor_name":"Cervical Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000293","qualifier_name":"injuries","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066193","descriptor_name":"Cervical Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000293","qualifier_name":"injuries","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066193","descriptor_name":"Cervical Cord","qualifier_ui":"Q000293","qualifier_name":"injuries","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24144695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144695","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/14/4695/pdf?version=1721640572","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39066092","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39066092","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ddd.uab.cat:311663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/record/311663","pdf_url":"https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/artpub/2024/311663/311663.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400380","display_name":"Dip\u00f2sit Digital de Documents de la UAB (Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123044942","host_organization_name":"Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123044942"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article de revisi\u00f3"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11280769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11280769","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11280769/pdf/sensors-24-04695.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a5f5b929024149928008c3f12b9012a1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a5f5b929024149928008c3f12b9012a1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 14, p 4695 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24144695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144695","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/14/4695/pdf?version=1721640572","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2262748287","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3429648993","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4126322094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G451917667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5967599077","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G661330594","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6685425346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7266728691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039/501100011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8260616629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"011033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8570012161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"unknown","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8610101019","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-124111OB-C31","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400807107.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1828575112","https://openalex.org/W1966736615","https://openalex.org/W1975222490","https://openalex.org/W1980811267","https://openalex.org/W2003168163","https://openalex.org/W2010639923","https://openalex.org/W2011407201","https://openalex.org/W2012924135","https://openalex.org/W2022554407","https://openalex.org/W2030939594","https://openalex.org/W2046161881","https://openalex.org/W2052276012","https://openalex.org/W2055038941","https://openalex.org/W2056182434","https://openalex.org/W2060373786","https://openalex.org/W2075007156","https://openalex.org/W2094012698","https://openalex.org/W2102438984","https://openalex.org/W2106581113","https://openalex.org/W2121934423","https://openalex.org/W2124146923","https://openalex.org/W2133449502","https://openalex.org/W2170200233","https://openalex.org/W2299216053","https://openalex.org/W2334433439","https://openalex.org/W2353665364","https://openalex.org/W2408957162","https://openalex.org/W2463247708","https://openalex.org/W2576056683","https://openalex.org/W2613967391","https://openalex.org/W2743673048","https://openalex.org/W2768995332","https://openalex.org/W2770641928","https://openalex.org/W2795766422","https://openalex.org/W2801466116","https://openalex.org/W2890939903","https://openalex.org/W2898125561","https://openalex.org/W2921764102","https://openalex.org/W2977066473","https://openalex.org/W2990081502","https://openalex.org/W3003770712","https://openalex.org/W3117071774","https://openalex.org/W3119002792","https://openalex.org/W3165500988","https://openalex.org/W3189911090","https://openalex.org/W4295183071","https://openalex.org/W4321089270","https://openalex.org/W6653045966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127457454","https://openalex.org/W2098278563","https://openalex.org/W2755960881","https://openalex.org/W3097292012","https://openalex.org/W3014358347","https://openalex.org/W2187026211","https://openalex.org/W2333596669","https://openalex.org/W2995259153","https://openalex.org/W2988390645","https://openalex.org/W2349952751"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"(1)":[0],"Background:":[1],"Restoring":[2],"arm":[3],"and":[4,62,78,104,149,200,218,228],"hand":[5],"function":[6,32,64,202],"is":[7,23,42],"one":[8,150],"of":[9,12,39,51,92,165,177],"the":[10,48,86,93,100,178,190,211,241],"priorities":[11],"people":[13,66],"with":[14,35,67,187,210,236],"cervical":[15],"spinal":[16,132,193],"cord":[17,133,194],"injury":[18],"(cSCI).":[19],"Noninvasive":[20],"electromagnetic":[21,53,184,257],"neuromodulation":[22,54,185,258],"a":[24,163,174,226],"current":[25,126],"approach":[26],"that":[27,56,182],"aims":[28],"to":[29,43,84,162,230],"improve":[30],"upper-limb":[31,60,198],"in":[33,65,97,203,244,254],"individuals":[34],"SCI.":[36],"The":[37,71,155],"aim":[38],"this":[40],"study":[41],"review":[44,91,176],"updated":[45],"information":[46],"on":[47,58,117,123,130,137,143,151],"different":[49],"applications":[50],"noninvasive":[52,183],"techniques":[55],"focus":[57],"restoring":[59],"functionality":[61,199],"motor":[63,167,201],"cSCI.":[68],"(2)":[69],"Methods:":[70],"Preferred":[72],"Reporting":[73],"Items":[74],"for":[75,240],"Systematic":[76],"Reviews":[77],"Meta-Analysis":[79],"(PRISMA)":[80],"guidelines":[81],"were":[82,113,116,207],"used":[83],"structure":[85],"search":[87],"protocol.":[88],"A":[89],"systematic":[90],"literature":[94],"was":[95,220,252],"performed":[96],"three":[98],"databases:":[99],"Cochrane":[101],"Library,":[102],"PubMed,":[103],"Physiotherapy":[105],"Evidence":[106],"Database":[107],"(PEDro).":[108],"(3)":[109],"Results:":[110],"Twenty-five":[111],"studies":[112],"included:":[114],"four":[115,122,142],"transcranial":[118,124],"magnetic":[119],"stimulation":[120,127,134,140,147,153],"(TMS),":[121],"direct":[125],"(tDCS),":[128],"two":[129],"transcutaneous":[131,144],"(tSCS),":[135],"ten":[136],"functional":[138,169],"electrical":[139,145],"(FES),":[141],"nerve":[146],"(TENS),":[148],"neuromuscular":[152],"(NMS).":[154],"meta-analysis":[156,227],"could":[157],"not":[158],"be":[159],"completed":[160],"due":[161],"lack":[164],"common":[166],"or":[168,192],"evaluations.":[170],"Finally,":[171],"we":[172],"realized":[173],"narrative":[175],"results,":[179],"which":[180],"reported":[181,253],"combined":[186],"rehabilitation":[188],"at":[189],"cerebral":[191],"level":[195],"significantly":[196],"improved":[197],"cSCI":[204,245],"subjects.":[205],"Results":[206],"significant":[208,250],"compared":[209],"control":[212],"group":[213],"when":[214],"tSCS,":[215],"FES,":[216],"TENS,":[217],"NMS":[219],"applied.":[221],"(4)":[222],"Conclusions:":[223],"To":[224],"perform":[225],"contribute":[229],"more":[231],"evidence,":[232],"randomized":[233],"controlled":[234],"trials":[235],"standardized":[237],"outcome":[238],"measures":[239],"upper":[242],"extremities":[243],"are":[246],"needed,":[247],"even":[248],"though":[249],"improvement":[251],"each":[255],"non-invasive":[256],"study.":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
