{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400724762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144632","title":"Student Motivation Analysis Based on Raising-Hand Videos","display_name":"Student Motivation Analysis Based on Raising-Hand Videos","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400724762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144632","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39066034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24144632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144632","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/14/4632/pdf?version=1721219270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/14/4632/pdf?version=1721219270","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022330768","display_name":"Jiejun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-5845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiejun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-5845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063526003","display_name":"Muyao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7817-724X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510898, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7817-724X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510898, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087399175","display_name":"Liang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6177-0442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057310377","display_name":"Huang Fu-quan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4539-5942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187400657","display_name":"South China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kq0pv72","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fuquan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510898, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4539-5942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510898, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187400657"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057310377","https://openalex.org/A5087399175"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358","https://openalex.org/I187400657"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.5122,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64728882,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"14","first_page":"4632","last_page":"4632"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.932200014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9099000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raising","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","score":0.8837119936943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4404497742652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.40966930985450745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40517935156822205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.3782798647880554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3435417413711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3244670033454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30305659770965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.12905308604240417}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780589192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7285140","display_name":"Raising (metalworking)","level":2,"score":0.8837119936943054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4404497742652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.40966930985450745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40517935156822205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.3782798647880554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3435417413711548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3244670033454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30305659770965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12905308604240417}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009042","descriptor_name":"Motivation","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014741","descriptor_name":"Video Recording","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24144632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144632","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/14/4632/pdf?version=1721219270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39066034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39066034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11280924","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11280924","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:355a69addd4640278c0abad029c9cfd7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/355a69addd4640278c0abad029c9cfd7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 14, p 4632 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24144632","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144632","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/14/4632/pdf?version=1721219270","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400724762.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484678121","https://openalex.org/W1545564389","https://openalex.org/W2048671922","https://openalex.org/W2069720428","https://openalex.org/W2099213660","https://openalex.org/W2107595692","https://openalex.org/W2116268827","https://openalex.org/W2120562335","https://openalex.org/W2125645153","https://openalex.org/W2171550419","https://openalex.org/W2396881383","https://openalex.org/W2802271726","https://openalex.org/W2808947522","https://openalex.org/W2809123732","https://openalex.org/W2904425424","https://openalex.org/W2910876480","https://openalex.org/W2913433777","https://openalex.org/W2916798096","https://openalex.org/W2943068251","https://openalex.org/W2944929034","https://openalex.org/W2946417417","https://openalex.org/W2981518512","https://openalex.org/W2996215769","https://openalex.org/W3016330511","https://openalex.org/W3027362141","https://openalex.org/W3080459636","https://openalex.org/W3210453086","https://openalex.org/W4283828264","https://openalex.org/W4308083755","https://openalex.org/W4309938413","https://openalex.org/W4312105880","https://openalex.org/W4386702673","https://openalex.org/W6782297440"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2349031816","https://openalex.org/W1985929414","https://openalex.org/W2278916097","https://openalex.org/W2354572397","https://openalex.org/W2286952125","https://openalex.org/W2382114635","https://openalex.org/W4386088090","https://openalex.org/W2166657566","https://openalex.org/W3163570241","https://openalex.org/W2354655943"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"current":[1],"smart":[2,33,46],"classroom":[3,34,47,117],"research,":[4],"numerous":[5],"studies":[6],"focus":[7],"on":[8,67],"recognizing":[9],"hand-raising,":[10],"but":[11],"few":[12],"analyze":[13,54],"the":[14,30,108,152,165,200],"movements":[15],"to":[16,28,49,62,78,135,163],"interpret":[17],"students'":[18,68,81,137],"intentions.":[19],"This":[20,57,71,128,182],"limitation":[21],"hinders":[22],"teachers":[23],"from":[24],"utilizing":[25],"this":[26,96,210],"information":[27],"enhance":[29],"effectiveness":[31,208],"of":[32,103,110,125,148,193,204,209],"teaching.":[35],"Assistive":[36],"teaching":[37],"methods,":[38],"including":[39],"robotic":[40],"and":[41,52,158,188,196],"artificial":[42],"intelligence":[43],"teaching,":[44],"require":[45],"systems":[48,61],"both":[50],"recognize":[51],"thoroughly":[53],"hand-raising":[55,69,105,118,186],"movements.":[56],"detailed":[58,101,123,191],"analysis":[59,76,102,154,192],"enables":[60],"provide":[63],"targeted":[64],"guidance":[65],"based":[66],"behavior.":[70,127],"study":[72],"proposes":[73],"a":[74,99,122,132,178,190],"morphology-based":[75,153],"method":[77,97,129,183,211],"innovatively":[79],"convert":[80],"skeleton":[82,138,166,179],"key":[83],"point":[84],"data":[85],"into":[86,145],"several":[87,149],"one-dimensional":[88],"time":[89,94,146],"series.":[90],"By":[91],"analyzing":[92],"these":[93],"series,":[95],"offers":[98],"more":[100],"student":[104],"behavior,":[106],"addressing":[107],"limitations":[109],"deep":[111],"learning":[112],"methods":[113],"that":[114],"cannot":[115],"compare":[116],"enthusiasm":[119],"or":[120],"establish":[121],"database":[124],"such":[126],"primarily":[130],"utilizes":[131],"neural":[133,205],"network":[134],"obtain":[136,164],"estimation":[139,167,180],"results,":[140],"which":[141],"are":[142],"then":[143],"converted":[144],"series":[147],"variables":[150],"using":[151],"method.":[155],"The":[156,207],"YOLOX":[157,169],"HrNet":[159,176],"models":[160],"were":[161],"employed":[162],"results;":[168],"is":[170,177],"an":[171],"object":[172],"detection":[173],"model,":[174],"while":[175],"model.":[181],"successfully":[184],"recognizes":[185],"actions":[187],"provides":[189],"their":[194],"speed":[195],"amplitude,":[197],"effectively":[198],"supplementing":[199],"coarse":[201],"recognition":[202],"capabilities":[203],"networks.":[206],"has":[212],"been":[213],"validated":[214],"through":[215],"experiments.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
