{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400460172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144428","title":"Multi-Scale Marine Object Detection in Side-Scan Sonar Images Based on BES-YOLO","display_name":"Multi-Scale Marine Object Detection in Side-Scan Sonar Images Based on BES-YOLO","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400460172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144428","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39065826"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24144428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144428","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/14/4428/pdf?version=1720508271","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/14/4428/pdf?version=1720508271","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111689832","display_name":"Quanhong Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107982497","display_name":"Dalian Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/0523b6g79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107982497"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401200389","display_name":"Dalian Naval Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/014c1mf08","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401200389"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quanhong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oceanography and Hydrography, Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oceanography and Hydrography, Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107982497","https://openalex.org/I4401200389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101197888","display_name":"Shaohua Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3315-9335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107982497","display_name":"Dalian Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/0523b6g79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107982497"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401200389","display_name":"Dalian Naval Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/014c1mf08","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401200389"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shaohua Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oceanography and Hydrography, Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oceanography and Hydrography, Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107982497","https://openalex.org/I4401200389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089854039","display_name":"Gang Bian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3770-0716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107982497","display_name":"Dalian Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/0523b6g79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107982497"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401200389","display_name":"Dalian Naval Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/014c1mf08","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401200389"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oceanography and Hydrography, Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oceanography and Hydrography, Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107982497","https://openalex.org/I4401200389"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007034991","display_name":"Yang Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6571-810X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107982497","display_name":"Dalian Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/0523b6g79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107982497"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401200389","display_name":"Dalian Naval Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/014c1mf08","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401200389"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oceanography and Hydrography, Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116018, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oceanography and Hydrography, Dalian Naval Academy, Dalian 116018, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107982497","https://openalex.org/I4401200389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101197888"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107982497","https://openalex.org/I4401200389"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":10.3085,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98836644,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"14","first_page":"4428","last_page":"4428"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12624","display_name":"Maritime and Coastal Archaeology","score":0.9854000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-scan-sonar","display_name":"Side-scan sonar","score":0.7970187664031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7460294961929321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backbone-network","display_name":"Backbone network","score":0.694892168045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6301723122596741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.622479259967804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonar","display_name":"Sonar","score":0.5975097417831421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5362362861633301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4903995990753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4529317021369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.41780608892440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3588237762451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1369887888431549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07563233375549316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776355146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357527","display_name":"Side-scan sonar","level":3,"score":0.7970187664031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7460294961929321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88796919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Backbone network","level":2,"score":0.694892168045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6301723122596741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.622479259967804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555745239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133220","display_name":"Sonar","level":2,"score":0.5975097417831421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5362362861633301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4903995990753174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4529317021369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.41780608892440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3588237762451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1369887888431549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07563233375549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24144428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144428","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/14/4428/pdf?version=1720508271","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39065826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39065826","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11281110","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11281110","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11281110/pdf/sensors-24-04428.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:be849c956d224e18807cd067d86f9c13","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/be849c956d224e18807cd067d86f9c13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 14, p 4428 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24144428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24144428","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/14/4428/pdf?version=1720508271","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5537210887","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41876103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400460172.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4400460172.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1483870316","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1975194708","https://openalex.org/W1991500126","https://openalex.org/W2022272594","https://openalex.org/W2073575574","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2124298551","https://openalex.org/W2139540298","https://openalex.org/W2348032349","https://openalex.org/W2364624193","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2769949067","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W3034971973","https://openalex.org/W3088221816","https://openalex.org/W3109637960","https://openalex.org/W3157563345","https://openalex.org/W3189916153","https://openalex.org/W3197086755","https://openalex.org/W4210937589","https://openalex.org/W4296640553","https://openalex.org/W4312548440","https://openalex.org/W4319995844","https://openalex.org/W4372347372","https://openalex.org/W4378078063","https://openalex.org/W4382681095","https://openalex.org/W4387537927","https://openalex.org/W4389088100","https://openalex.org/W4392591319"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1921505891","https://openalex.org/W2897910144","https://openalex.org/W2114161718","https://openalex.org/W1572693489","https://openalex.org/W2415693547","https://openalex.org/W2888512610","https://openalex.org/W2099932270","https://openalex.org/W2890449065","https://openalex.org/W855818946","https://openalex.org/W2547343994"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aiming":[0],"at":[1,114,126],"the":[2,30,45,48,62,77,85,98,101,110,122,136,149,158],"problem":[3],"of":[4,7,47,64,100,109,116,121,128,143,163,184],"low":[5],"accuracy":[6,113,125,160],"multi-scale":[8,26,38,164],"seafloor":[9],"target":[10,27],"detection":[11,28,159,183],"in":[12,44,166],"side-scan":[13,167],"sonar":[14,168],"images":[15],"with":[16],"high":[17],"noise":[18],"and":[19,51,79,94,119,145,161,176],"complex":[20],"background":[21],"texture,":[22],"a":[23,52,68],"model":[24,78],"for":[25],"using":[29,89,135],"BES-YOLO":[31,137],"network":[32,56],"is":[33,42,58,72,87,140],"proposed.":[34],"First,":[35],"an":[36,141],"efficient":[37],"attention":[39],"(EMA)":[40],"mechanism":[41],"used":[43],"backbone":[46],"YOLOv8":[49],"network,":[50,138],"bi-directional":[53],"feature":[54],"pyramid":[55],"(Bifpn)":[57],"introduced":[59,73],"to":[60,74,96,130,148,174,180],"merge":[61],"information":[63],"different":[65],"scales,":[66],"finally,":[67],"Shape_IoU":[69],"loss":[70],"function":[71],"continuously":[75],"optimize":[76],"improve":[80,157],"its":[81],"accuracy.":[82],"Before":[83],"training,":[84],"dataset":[86],"preprocessed":[88],"2D":[90],"discrete":[91],"wavelet":[92],"decomposition":[93],"reconstruction":[95],"enhance":[97],"robustness":[99],"network.":[102],"The":[103,152],"experimental":[104],"results":[105,154],"show":[106],"that":[107],"92.4%":[108],"mean":[111,123],"average":[112,124],"IoU":[115,127],"0.5":[117,129],"(mAP@0.5)":[118],"67.7%":[120],"0.95":[131],"(mAP@0.5:0.95)":[132],"are":[133],"achieved":[134],"which":[139,170],"increase":[142],"5.3%":[144],"4.4%":[146],"compared":[147],"YOLOv8n":[150],"model.":[151],"research":[153],"can":[155,171],"effectively":[156],"efficiency":[162],"targets":[165],"images,":[169],"be":[172],"applied":[173],"AUVs":[175],"other":[177],"underwater":[178],"platforms":[179],"implement":[181],"intelligent":[182],"undersea":[185],"targets.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}