{"id":"https://openalex.org/W39001132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134353","title":"Dyadic Risk and Foreign Direct Investment","display_name":"Dyadic Risk and Foreign Direct Investment","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W39001132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134353","mag":"39001132"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:39001132","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028&context=wharton_research_scholars","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028&context=wharton_research_scholars","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055237524","display_name":"Brett A Shaheen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36788626","display_name":"California University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/01spssf70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36788626"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Brett A Shaheen","raw_affiliation_strings":["#N#               * University of Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N#               * University of Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626","https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055237524"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36788626","https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01076636,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"13","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12040","display_name":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","score":0.909500002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12040","display_name":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","score":0.909500002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-direct-investment","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","score":0.8435412645339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-risk","display_name":"Political risk","score":0.7976961135864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autocracy","display_name":"Autocracy","score":0.7176591157913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.6124341487884521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy","display_name":"Political economy","score":0.48240959644317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-business","display_name":"International business","score":0.4696338176727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.466494083404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyad","display_name":"Dyad","score":0.41253340244293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.4113253951072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.13437461853027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democracy","display_name":"Democracy","score":0.11861291527748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.06933584809303284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.8435412645339966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63143784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7885121","display_name":"Political risk","level":3,"score":0.7976961135864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144661447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173424","display_name":"Autocracy","level":4,"score":0.7176591157913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6124341487884521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.48240959644317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193257486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3681519","display_name":"International business","level":2,"score":0.4696338176727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.466494083404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777716012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318389","display_name":"Dyad","level":2,"score":0.41253340244293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4113253951072693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13437461853027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.11861291527748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.06933584809303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:39001132","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028&context=wharton_research_scholars","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:wharton_research_scholars-1028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/wharton_research_scholars/29","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028&context=wharton_research_scholars","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196331","display_name":"Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wharton Research Scholars","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:wharton_research_scholars-1028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/wharton_research_scholars/29","pdf_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1028&context=wharton_research_scholars","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196331","display_name":"Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wharton Research Scholars","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W39001132.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2690340357","https://openalex.org/W2334513526","https://openalex.org/W3121753243","https://openalex.org/W2258549556","https://openalex.org/W3184049266","https://openalex.org/W3034369482","https://openalex.org/W3202174154","https://openalex.org/W72446386","https://openalex.org/W2520704137","https://openalex.org/W3144386477","https://openalex.org/W266946571","https://openalex.org/W3124135947","https://openalex.org/W3121366425","https://openalex.org/W2315604745","https://openalex.org/W2510515409","https://openalex.org/W2099399116","https://openalex.org/W2319625723","https://openalex.org/W3203253546","https://openalex.org/W2158285977","https://openalex.org/W2957770900"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Acquiring":[0],"underwater":[1,16,25,45,63,69,107,125,154,238],"depth":[2,19,37,83,128,136,184,206,215,239],"maps":[3,20],"is":[4,59,110],"essential":[5],"as":[6],"they":[7],"provide":[8],"indispensable":[9],"three-dimensional":[10],"spatial":[11],"information":[12,177],"for":[13,170],"visualizing":[14],"the":[15,35,52,66,92,104,119,140,149,219],"environment.":[17],"These":[18],"serve":[21],"various":[22],"purposes,":[23],"including":[24],"navigation,":[26],"environmental":[27],"monitoring,":[28],"and":[29,134,178,213],"resource":[30],"exploration.":[31],"While":[32],"most":[33],"of":[34,106,175],"current":[36],"estimation":[38,84,129,207],"methods":[39],"can":[40,74,102],"work":[41],"well":[42],"in":[43,61,86,152,181,237],"ideal":[44],"environments":[46,70],"with":[47,71,225],"homogeneous":[48],"illumination,":[49,57],"few":[50],"consider":[51],"risk":[53],"caused":[54,96],"by":[55,97],"irregular":[56],"which":[58,109,229],"common":[60],"practical":[62],"environments.":[64],"On":[65,91],"one":[67],"hand,":[68,94],"low-light":[72,153],"conditions":[73],"reduce":[75],"image":[76,132,143],"contrast.":[77],"The":[78],"reduction":[79],"brings":[80],"challenges":[81],"to":[82,112,147,209,217,234],"models":[85],"accurately":[87],"differentiating":[88],"among":[89],"objects.":[90],"other":[93],"overexposure":[95,220],"reflection":[98],"or":[99],"artificial":[100],"illumination":[101],"degrade":[103],"textures":[105],"objects,":[108],"crucial":[111],"geometric":[113,190],"constraints":[114],"between":[115],"frames.":[116],"To":[117],"address":[118,218],"above":[120],"issues,":[121],"we":[122,187],"propose":[123],"an":[124],"self-supervised":[126,205],"monocular":[127],"network":[130,208,216],"integrating":[131],"enhancement":[133,144],"auxiliary":[135],"information.":[137],"We":[138,222],"use":[139],"Monte":[141],"Carlo":[142],"module":[145],"(MC-IEM)":[146],"tackle":[148],"inherent":[150],"uncertainty":[151],"images":[155],"through":[156,192],"probabilistic":[157],"estimation.":[158,185,240],"When":[159],"pixel":[160],"values":[161],"are":[162],"enhanced,":[163],"object":[164],"recognition":[165],"becomes":[166],"more":[167,172,182],"accessible,":[168],"allowing":[169],"a":[171,199,204,214],"precise":[173],"acquisition":[174],"distance":[176],"thus":[179],"resulting":[180],"accurate":[183],"Next,":[186],"extract":[188],"additional":[189],"features":[191],"transfer":[193],"learning,":[194],"infusing":[195],"prior":[196],"knowledge":[197],"from":[198],"supervised":[200],"large-scale":[201],"model":[202],"into":[203],"refine":[210],"loss":[211],"functions":[212],"issue.":[221],"conduct":[223],"experiments":[224],"two":[226],"public":[227],"datasets,":[228],"exhibited":[230],"superior":[231],"performance":[232],"compared":[233],"existing":[235],"approaches":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-10-10T17:16:08.811792","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
