{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399974653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134082","title":"Investigation of an Active Focusing Planar Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducer","display_name":"Investigation of an Active Focusing Planar Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducer","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399974653","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134082","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39000861"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24134082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134082","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/13/4082/pdf?version=1719151878","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/13/4082/pdf?version=1719151878","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103258753","display_name":"Qiao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8777-4778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Modern Manufacture Quality Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8777-4778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Modern Manufacture Quality Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100599502","display_name":"Bin You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7549-8665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin You","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101803544","display_name":"Xu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2509-3081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Modern Manufacture Quality Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Modern Manufacture Quality Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085854367","display_name":"Jun Tu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4974-9077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Modern Manufacture Quality Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4974-9077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Modern Manufacture Quality Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103258753"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.9214,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68474361,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"13","first_page":"4082","last_page":"4082"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12015","display_name":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transducer","display_name":"Transducer","score":0.8915325403213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.7958657741546631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.679340124130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectricity","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","score":0.6219325065612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.6216232180595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5949581265449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planar","display_name":"Planar","score":0.5759965777397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitive-micromachined-ultrasonic-transducers","display_name":"Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers","score":0.5486366748809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-impedance","display_name":"Acoustic impedance","score":0.5402315855026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.4513865113258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3345121741294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21240025758743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.19149565696716309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.16937729716300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14921703934669495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07000255584716797}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.8915325403213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.7958657741546631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.679340124130249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100082104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183759","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","level":2,"score":0.6219325065612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.6216232180595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5949581265449524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.5759965777397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58772458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5034480","display_name":"Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers","level":3,"score":0.5486366748809814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98937189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q975684","display_name":"Acoustic impedance","level":3,"score":0.5402315855026245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.4513865113258362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3345121741294861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21240025758743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.19149565696716309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16937729716300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14921703934669495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07000255584716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24134082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134082","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/13/4082/pdf?version=1719151878","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39000861","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39000861","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11244312","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11244312","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11244312/pdf/sensors-24-04082.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d7f36979c3194dbeb05a7508c1d48228","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d7f36979c3194dbeb05a7508c1d48228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 13, p 4082 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24134082","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134082","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/13/4082/pdf?version=1719151878","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.699999988079071,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1028368977","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52205564","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1687513117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022CFB898","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2263899756","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52205564","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5593662927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.2022CFB898","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6042330058","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022CFB898","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7350937950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 52205564","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399974653.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029957693","https://openalex.org/W2088392899","https://openalex.org/W2238694638","https://openalex.org/W2468149896","https://openalex.org/W2774183234","https://openalex.org/W3047085648","https://openalex.org/W3094293241","https://openalex.org/W3102495721","https://openalex.org/W3134533404","https://openalex.org/W3134607586","https://openalex.org/W3165818683","https://openalex.org/W3184534633","https://openalex.org/W3187668469","https://openalex.org/W3191776879","https://openalex.org/W3214566409","https://openalex.org/W4206032491","https://openalex.org/W4206927231","https://openalex.org/W4226128693","https://openalex.org/W4226203396","https://openalex.org/W4226321849","https://openalex.org/W4285196840","https://openalex.org/W4286559923","https://openalex.org/W4293280564","https://openalex.org/W4306405976","https://openalex.org/W4306644802","https://openalex.org/W4316114057","https://openalex.org/W4321506428","https://openalex.org/W4385338473","https://openalex.org/W6791360774"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319718051","https://openalex.org/W2137987953","https://openalex.org/W3202163833","https://openalex.org/W2808928575","https://openalex.org/W4281663564","https://openalex.org/W3213950940","https://openalex.org/W4384298170","https://openalex.org/W2067937691","https://openalex.org/W2027640951","https://openalex.org/W2566931492"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultrasonic":[0],"focusing":[1,14,41,52,109,124,163,175],"transducers":[2,110],"have":[3],"broad":[4],"prospects":[5],"in":[6],"advanced":[7],"ultrasonic":[8,43],"non-destructive":[9],"testing":[10],"fields.":[11],"However,":[12],"conventional":[13,162],"methods":[15],"that":[16,133,152],"use":[17],"acoustic":[18,24,113],"concave":[19],"lenses":[20],"can":[21],"disrupt":[22],"the":[23,31,34,72,92,153,161,172],"impedance":[25],"matching":[26],"condition,":[27],"thereby":[28],"adversely":[29],"affecting":[30],"sensitivity":[32,154],"of":[33,62,74,91,100,141,148,174],"transducers.":[35,164,176],"In":[36],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"an":[39,112,116],"active":[40],"planar":[42],"transducer":[44,93,136],"is":[45,66,69,94,155],"designed":[46],"and":[47,115,122,144,151],"presented":[48],"to":[49],"achieve":[50],"a":[51,55,138,145,168],"effect":[53],"with":[54,96,160],"higher":[56],"sensitivity.":[57],"An":[58],"electrode":[59,97],"pattern":[60],"consisting":[61],"multiple":[63],"concentric":[64],"rings":[65],"designed,":[67],"which":[68],"inspired":[70],"by":[71,157],"structure":[73],"Fresnel":[75],"Zone":[76],"Plates":[77],"(FZP).":[78],"The":[79,129],"structural":[80],"parameters":[81],"are":[82,119,126],"optimized":[83],"using":[84,104,111],"finite":[85],"element":[86],"simulation":[87],"methods.":[88],"A":[89],"prototype":[90],"manufactured":[95],"patterns":[98],"made":[99],"conductive":[101],"silver":[102],"paste":[103],"silk":[105],"screen-printing":[106],"technology.":[107],"Conventional":[108],"lens":[114],"FZP":[117],"baffle":[118],"also":[120],"manufactured,":[121],"their":[123],"performances":[125],"comparatively":[127],"tested.":[128],"experimental":[130],"results":[131],"show":[132],"our":[134],"novel":[135],"has":[137],"focal":[139],"length":[140],"16":[142],"mm":[143],"center":[146],"frequency":[147],"1.16":[149],"MHz,":[150],"improved":[156],"23.3%":[158],"compared":[159],"This":[165],"research":[166],"provides":[167],"new":[169],"approach":[170],"for":[171],"design":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
