{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399807741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123946","title":"Performance Assessment of Two Low-Cost PM2.5 and PM10 Monitoring Networks in the Padana Plain (Italy)","display_name":"Performance Assessment of Two Low-Cost PM2.5 and PM10 Monitoring Networks in the Padana Plain (Italy)","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399807741","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123946","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38931730"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123946","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3946/pdf?version=1718712761","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3946/pdf?version=1718712761","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064000604","display_name":"Giovanni Gualtieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5293-2315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Gualtieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council, Institute of Bioecomony (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5293-2315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute of Bioecomony (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001374406","display_name":"Lorenzo Brilli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7527-4573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Brilli","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council, Institute of Bioecomony (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7527-4573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute of Bioecomony (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037769491","display_name":"Federico Carotenuto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9134-3073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Carotenuto","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council, Institute of Bioecomony (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute of Bioecomony (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031115321","display_name":"Alice Cavaliere","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2864-6028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice Cavaliere","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council, Institute of Polar Sciences (CNR-ISP), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2864-6028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute of Polar Sciences (CNR-ISP), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064621716","display_name":"Tommaso Giordano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1005-8543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tommaso Giordano","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council, Institute of Bioecomony (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1005-8543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute of Bioecomony (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099246736","display_name":"Simone Putzolu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Putzolu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council, Institute of Bioecomony (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute of Bioecomony (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016829188","display_name":"Carolina Vagnoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7318-067X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolina Vagnoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council, Institute of Bioecomony (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7318-067X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute of Bioecomony (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071022635","display_name":"Alessandro Zaldei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1700-5647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Zaldei","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council, Institute of Bioecomony (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute of Bioecomony (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012860995","display_name":"Beniamino Gioli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7631-2623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beniamino Gioli","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Council, Institute of Bioecomony (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7631-2623","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Council, Institute of Bioecomony (CNR-IBE), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064000604"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.6357,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89614702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"12","first_page":"3946","last_page":"3946"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10190","display_name":"Air Quality and Health Impacts","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12916","display_name":"COVID-19 impact on air quality","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.6356741786003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.37676867842674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11314049363136292}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6356741786003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.37676867842674255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11314049363136292}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123946","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3946/pdf?version=1718712761","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38931730","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38931730","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11207606","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11207606","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8a821b8f06d94f6cac7e65ae5eba0136","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8a821b8f06d94f6cac7e65ae5eba0136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 12, p 3946 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123946","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3946/pdf?version=1718712761","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5799999833106995},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399807741.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965018566","https://openalex.org/W1985479415","https://openalex.org/W2047364731","https://openalex.org/W2121412437","https://openalex.org/W2282244528","https://openalex.org/W2527303011","https://openalex.org/W2566667959","https://openalex.org/W2746526298","https://openalex.org/W2782259297","https://openalex.org/W2797612288","https://openalex.org/W2804806498","https://openalex.org/W2889032422","https://openalex.org/W2899440314","https://openalex.org/W2901681871","https://openalex.org/W2906135971","https://openalex.org/W2957134239","https://openalex.org/W2970303123","https://openalex.org/W2981848418","https://openalex.org/W2989879616","https://openalex.org/W3000363797","https://openalex.org/W3013806242","https://openalex.org/W3016703961","https://openalex.org/W3039706990","https://openalex.org/W3047568871","https://openalex.org/W3082115572","https://openalex.org/W3089015341","https://openalex.org/W3109504479","https://openalex.org/W3124901831","https://openalex.org/W3164551595","https://openalex.org/W3194019561","https://openalex.org/W3201040782","https://openalex.org/W3202318132","https://openalex.org/W4286111454","https://openalex.org/W4286209545","https://openalex.org/W4324141372","https://openalex.org/W4388017743","https://openalex.org/W4388688786","https://openalex.org/W4395697649","https://openalex.org/W6774341996","https://openalex.org/W6776040020"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3007404728","https://openalex.org/W2374021052","https://openalex.org/W2110536732","https://openalex.org/W3117958761","https://openalex.org/W1984740135","https://openalex.org/W1984514811","https://openalex.org/W4280521631","https://openalex.org/W2094967319","https://openalex.org/W4206359692"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"low-cost":[1],"(LC)":[2],"monitoring":[3,18,149],"networks,":[4],"PurpleAir":[5,104,122],"(instrumented":[6],"by":[7],"Plantower":[8],"PMS5003":[9],"sensors)":[10],"and":[11,20,38,85,92,99,113,136,156],"AirQino":[12,87,127],"(Novasense":[13],"SDS011),":[14],"were":[15,43,124],"assessed":[16],"in":[17,24,65,80,166,182],"PM2.5":[19,37,72,91,107,135,197],"PM10":[21,41,70,93,116,137,199],"daily":[22,138],"concentrations":[23,42,95,108,117,139],"the":[25,67,130,154,159,169,177,183,194],"Padana":[26],"Plain":[27],"(Northern":[28],"Italy).":[29],"A":[30],"total":[31],"of":[32,69,82,133,158,171,185,196],"19":[33],"LC":[34,59,145,190],"stations":[35,47,88,105,123],"for":[36,40,179],"20":[39],"compared":[44],"vs.":[45,143,198],"regulatory-grade":[46],"during":[48],"a":[49],"full":[50],"\u201cheating":[51],"season\u201d":[52],"(15":[53],"October":[54],"2022\u201315":[55],"April":[56],"2023).":[57],"Both":[58],"sensor":[60],"networks":[61,150],"showed":[62],"higher":[63],"accuracy":[64,77],"fitting":[66],"magnitude":[68,155],"than":[71,126],"reference":[73,94],"observations,":[74],"while":[75,103],"lower":[76],"was":[78],"shown":[79],"terms":[81],"RMSE,":[83],"MAE":[84],"R2.":[86],"under-estimated":[89,115],"both":[90,134,148],"(MB":[96,109,118],"=":[97,110,119,141],"\u22124.8":[98],"\u22122.9":[100],"\u03bcg/m3,":[101],"respectively),":[102],"over-estimated":[106],"+5.4":[111],"\u03bcg/m3)":[112],"slightly":[114],"\u22120.4":[120],"\u03bcg/m3).":[121],"finer":[125],"at":[128],"capturing":[129],"time":[131],"variation":[132],"(R2":[140],"0.68\u20130.75":[142],"0.59\u20130.61).":[144],"sensors":[146],"from":[147],"failed":[151],"to":[152,192],"capture":[153],"dynamics":[157],"PM2.5/PM10":[160],"ratio,":[161],"confirming":[162],"their":[163],"well-known":[164],"issues":[165],"correctly":[167],"discriminating":[168],"size":[170],"individual":[172],"particles.":[173],"These":[174],"findings":[175],"suggest":[176],"need":[178],"further":[180],"efforts":[181],"implementation":[184],"mass":[186],"conversion":[187],"algorithms":[188],"within":[189],"units":[191],"improve":[193],"tuning":[195],"outputs.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}