{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399739293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123919","title":"Spectral Behavior of Fiber Bragg Gratings during Embedding in 3D-Printed Metal Tensile Coupons and Cyclic Loading","display_name":"Spectral Behavior of Fiber Bragg Gratings during Embedding in 3D-Printed Metal Tensile Coupons and Cyclic Loading","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399739293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123919","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38931700"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123919","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123919","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3919/pdf?version=1718620193","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3919/pdf?version=1718620193","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102017555","display_name":"Farid Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5307-6960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802326326","display_name":"The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley","ror":"https://ror.org/02p5xjf12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Farid Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5307-6960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099164296","display_name":"Md Shahriar Forhad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802326326","display_name":"The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley","ror":"https://ror.org/02p5xjf12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Shahriar Forhad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099164297","display_name":"Mahmudul Hasan Porag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3576-2926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802326326","display_name":"The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley","ror":"https://ror.org/02p5xjf12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmudul Hasan Porag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3576-2926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102017555"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.5733,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6556933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"12","first_page":"3919","last_page":"3919"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11799","display_name":"Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13049","display_name":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.7963088750839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-bragg-grating","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","score":0.6654364466667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.4811476469039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.4562701880931854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultimate-tensile-strength","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","score":0.454854279756546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-sensor","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","score":0.4507179856300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber","display_name":"Fiber","score":0.4306350648403168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3689981698989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.30546340346336365}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7963088750839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397391","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","level":3,"score":0.6654364466667175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.4811476469039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4562701880931854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.454854279756546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.4507179856300354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.4306350648403168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3689981698989868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.30546340346336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123919","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123919","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3919/pdf?version=1718620193","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38931700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38931700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11207265","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11207265","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11207265/pdf/sensors-24-03919.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.utrgv.edu:mie_fac-1073","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/mie_fac/75","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402611","display_name":"ScholarWorks @ UTRGV (The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2802326326","host_organization_name":"The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802326326"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Manufacturing & Industrial Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ce4c28bff3fd4d8abd05d9bdafc6a6b7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ce4c28bff3fd4d8abd05d9bdafc6a6b7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 12, p 3919 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123919","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123919","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3919/pdf?version=1718620193","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5613623313","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CREST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8395545482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2112650","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314778","display_name":"University of Texas Rio Grande Valley","ror":"https://ror.org/02p5xjf12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338075","display_name":"Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399739293.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963527783","https://openalex.org/W1979813123","https://openalex.org/W2019577288","https://openalex.org/W2026976645","https://openalex.org/W2029351417","https://openalex.org/W2037380271","https://openalex.org/W2041659741","https://openalex.org/W2048182777","https://openalex.org/W2055671148","https://openalex.org/W2066389957","https://openalex.org/W2094901204","https://openalex.org/W2148572641","https://openalex.org/W2149679255","https://openalex.org/W2289698506","https://openalex.org/W2291639799","https://openalex.org/W2376608358","https://openalex.org/W2527589854","https://openalex.org/W2776016678","https://openalex.org/W2915451044","https://openalex.org/W3007104507","https://openalex.org/W3021457086","https://openalex.org/W4283809617","https://openalex.org/W4285082158","https://openalex.org/W4303981300","https://openalex.org/W4324342792","https://openalex.org/W4390075253","https://openalex.org/W4392960210","https://openalex.org/W4399044119","https://openalex.org/W6850704303"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2463721724","https://openalex.org/W2365148668","https://openalex.org/W2917685425","https://openalex.org/W3216900447","https://openalex.org/W2096440838","https://openalex.org/W3205454610","https://openalex.org/W3146793764","https://openalex.org/W2014016592","https://openalex.org/W2025425461","https://openalex.org/W2038705077"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Additive":[0],"manufacturing":[1],"(AM)":[2],"enables":[3],"the":[4,64,78,95,103,117,134,150],"spatially":[5],"configurable":[6],"3D":[7],"integration":[8,34,119],"of":[9,67,81],"sensors":[10,30,45,83,152],"in":[11,35,48,86,102],"metal":[12],"components":[13],"to":[14,77,113,149],"realize":[15],"smart":[16],"materials":[17],"and":[18,23,69,75,107,115,126,143,153],"structures.":[19],"Outstanding":[20],"sensing":[21,127,155],"capabilities":[22],"size":[24],"compatibility":[25],"have":[26],"made":[27],"fiber":[28,41],"optic":[29],"excellent":[31],"candidates":[32],"for":[33],"AM":[36,135],"components.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"study,":[40],"Bragg":[42],"grating":[43],"(FBG)":[44],"were":[46,84,105,111],"embedded":[47,151],"Inconel":[49],"718":[50],"tensile":[51],"coupons":[52,104],"printed":[53],"using":[54],"laser":[55],"powder":[56],"bed":[57],"fusion":[58],"AM.":[59],"On-axis":[60],"(fiber":[61,71],"runs":[62],"through":[63,94],"coupon's":[65,79],"center":[66,80],"axis)":[68,82],"off-axis":[70],"is":[72],"at":[73],"5\u00b0":[74],"10\u00b0":[76],"buried":[85],"epoxy":[87],"resin":[88],"inside":[89],"narrow":[90],"channels":[91],"that":[92,133],"run":[93],"coupons.":[96],"FBGs'":[97],"spectral":[98],"evolutions":[99],"during":[100],"embedment":[101],"examined":[106],"cyclic":[108],"loading":[109],"experiments":[110],"conducted":[112],"analyze":[114],"evaluate":[116],"sensor":[118],"process,":[120],"complex":[121],"strain":[122],"loading,":[123],"process":[124],"flaws,":[125],"performance.":[128,156],"This":[129],"study":[130],"also":[131],"demonstrates":[132],"process-born":[136],"deficiencies":[137],"such":[138],"as":[139],"poor":[140],"surface":[141],"finish":[142],"staircase":[144],"effects":[145],"can":[146],"be":[147],"detrimental":[148],"their":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}