{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399739551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123916","title":"Experimental Setup for Evaluating Depth Sensors in Augmented Reality Technologies Used in Medical Devices","display_name":"Experimental Setup for Evaluating Depth Sensors in Augmented Reality Technologies Used in Medical Devices","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399739551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123916","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38931701"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123916","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3916/pdf?version=1718622241","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3916/pdf?version=1718622241","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091544826","display_name":"Valentyn Stadnytskyi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-6846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320320070","display_name":"United States Food and Drug Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/034xvzb47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335686170","display_name":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health","ror":"https://ror.org/007x9se63","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070","https://openalex.org/I1335686170"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Valentyn Stadnytskyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-6846","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335686170","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023035403","display_name":"Bahaa Ghammraoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3492-5082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1320320070","display_name":"United States Food and Drug Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/034xvzb47","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335686170","display_name":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health","ror":"https://ror.org/007x9se63","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1320320070","https://openalex.org/I1335686170"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bahaa Ghammraoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335686170","https://openalex.org/I1320320070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023035403","https://openalex.org/A5091544826"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1320320070","https://openalex.org/I1335686170"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.4635,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61162408,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"12","first_page":"3916","last_page":"3916"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmented-reality","display_name":"Augmented reality","score":0.7195645570755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.7147046327590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6993191838264465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5984043478965759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5172282457351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5012021064758301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4397635757923126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4170384407043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3974861204624176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.38669878244400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.34148794412612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3392583131790161}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153715457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254183","display_name":"Augmented reality","level":2,"score":0.7195645570755005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.7147046327590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6993191838264465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5984043478965759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5172282457351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5012021064758301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4397635757923126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4170384407043457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3974861204624176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.38669878244400024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.34148794412612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3392583131790161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000076142","descriptor_name":"Virtual Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081411","descriptor_name":"Augmented Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081411","descriptor_name":"Augmented Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081411","descriptor_name":"Augmented Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000081411","descriptor_name":"Augmented Reality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123916","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3916/pdf?version=1718622241","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38931701","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38931701","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11207901","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11207901","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11207901/pdf/sensors-24-03916.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ba97325fd54848a5b593f2d59893c122","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ba97325fd54848a5b593f2d59893c122","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 12, p 3916 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123916","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3916/pdf?version=1718622241","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399739551.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W161907855","https://openalex.org/W1994281102","https://openalex.org/W2167876098","https://openalex.org/W2304035054","https://openalex.org/W2887538181","https://openalex.org/W2895662448","https://openalex.org/W2901590377","https://openalex.org/W2962374506","https://openalex.org/W2962895866","https://openalex.org/W2967545880","https://openalex.org/W2985336075","https://openalex.org/W3128128404","https://openalex.org/W3160700331","https://openalex.org/W3175639122","https://openalex.org/W4224611952","https://openalex.org/W4237303019","https://openalex.org/W4281787679","https://openalex.org/W4291942152","https://openalex.org/W4368358234","https://openalex.org/W4380323140","https://openalex.org/W4385066438","https://openalex.org/W4389614970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172197285","https://openalex.org/W2991048842","https://openalex.org/W2750280393","https://openalex.org/W4378228679","https://openalex.org/W2736982640","https://openalex.org/W4378228262","https://openalex.org/W3107375852","https://openalex.org/W2752321621","https://openalex.org/W2789244453","https://openalex.org/W3206716821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,130],"presents":[2],"a":[3,26,39,56,61,86,91],"fully":[4],"automated":[5,138],"experimental":[6,68],"setup":[7,35],"tailored":[8],"for":[9,22,51,66,75],"evaluating":[10],"the":[11,29,117,125,133,137,167],"effectiveness":[12],"of":[13,31,47,104,171],"augmented":[14,113],"and":[15,64,90,111,136,158,169],"virtual":[16],"reality":[17,53,114],"technologies":[18,54,173],"in":[19,55,174],"healthcare":[20,176],"settings":[21],"regulatory":[23],"purposes,":[24],"with":[25,85,148],"focus":[27],"on":[28,132],"characterization":[30],"depth":[32,48],"sensors.":[33],"The":[34,78,129],"is":[36],"constructed":[37],"as":[38,154],"modular":[40],"benchtop":[41],"platform":[42,83],"that":[43],"enables":[44],"quantitative":[45],"analysis":[46],"cameras":[49,110],"essential":[50],"extended":[52],"controlled":[57],"environment.":[58],"We":[59,142],"detail":[60],"design":[62],"concept":[63],"considerations":[65],"an":[67,81,102],"configuration":[69],"aimed":[70],"at":[71],"simulating":[72],"realistic":[73],"scenarios":[74],"head-mounted":[76],"displays.":[77],"system":[79,89,134],"includes":[80],"observation":[82],"equipped":[84],"three-degree-of-freedom":[87],"motorized":[88],"test":[92],"object":[93],"stage.":[94],"To":[95],"accurately":[96],"replicate":[97],"real-world":[98],"scenarios,":[99],"we":[100],"utilized":[101],"array":[103],"sensors,":[105],"including":[106],"commonly":[107],"available":[108],"range-sensing":[109],"commercial":[112],"headsets,":[115],"notably":[116],"Intel":[118],"RealSense":[119],"L515":[120],"LiDAR":[121],"camera,":[122],"integrated":[123],"into":[124,166],"motion":[126],"control":[127],"system.":[128],"elaborates":[131],"architecture":[135],"data":[139],"collection":[140],"process.":[141],"discuss":[143],"several":[144],"evaluation":[145],"studies":[146,162],"performed":[147],"this":[149],"setup,":[150],"examining":[151],"factors":[152],"such":[153],"spatial":[155],"resolution,":[156],"Z-accuracy,":[157],"pixel-to-pixel":[159],"correlation.":[160],"These":[161],"provide":[163],"valuable":[164],"insights":[165],"precision":[168],"reliability":[170],"these":[172],"simulated":[175],"environments.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
