{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399744071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123909","title":"Adversarial Robustness Enhancement for Deep Learning-Based Soft Sensors: An Adversarial Training Strategy Using Historical Gradients and Domain Adaptation","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness Enhancement for Deep Learning-Based Soft Sensors: An Adversarial Training Strategy Using Historical Gradients and Domain Adaptation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399744071","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123909","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38931693"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123909","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3909/pdf?version=1718700396","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3909/pdf?version=1718700396","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068577043","display_name":"Runyuan Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7426-3212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runyuan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7426-3212","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101913920","display_name":"Qingyuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3190-0250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100448105","display_name":"Han Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-1380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Han Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-1380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012184521","display_name":"Wenqing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3318-8137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3318-8137","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Technology, Xi\u2019an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100448105"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":9.2779,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98283027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"12","first_page":"3909","last_page":"3909"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9528999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.887567937374115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.8854793906211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6822256445884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6283808946609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6226659417152405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4964199662208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-adaptation","display_name":"Domain adaptation","score":0.47587576508522034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.15640226006507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.08921220898628235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.887567937374115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.8854793906211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6822256445884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6283808946609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6226659417152405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4964199662208557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.47587576508522034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.15640226006507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.08921220898628235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123909","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3909/pdf?version=1718700396","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38931693","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38931693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11207657","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11207657","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11207657/pdf/sensors-24-03909.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c5a365a7beb94eb7802cc4780b36dd93","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c5a365a7beb94eb7802cc4780b36dd93","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 12, p 3909 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123909","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123909","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3909/pdf?version=1718700396","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G105734994","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62376214","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1149804450","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"103-451123015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1987556962","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023-JC-YB-533","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4698989410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JC-YBQN-0697","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7835115686","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92270117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399744071.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114986745","https://openalex.org/W2640329709","https://openalex.org/W3041173183","https://openalex.org/W3094733926","https://openalex.org/W3128517007","https://openalex.org/W3175232532","https://openalex.org/W3203814031","https://openalex.org/W3214461887","https://openalex.org/W4200223427","https://openalex.org/W4285287611","https://openalex.org/W4286208736","https://openalex.org/W4289821325","https://openalex.org/W4293499153","https://openalex.org/W4308712207","https://openalex.org/W4312274352","https://openalex.org/W4312313802","https://openalex.org/W4318472634","https://openalex.org/W4318982900","https://openalex.org/W4320005588","https://openalex.org/W4382999352","https://openalex.org/W4385153810","https://openalex.org/W4385338882","https://openalex.org/W4385521756","https://openalex.org/W4386029067","https://openalex.org/W4387917971","https://openalex.org/W4389193335","https://openalex.org/W4392567286","https://openalex.org/W4392828127","https://openalex.org/W4394786385","https://openalex.org/W4395097471","https://openalex.org/W6841064343"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362597605","https://openalex.org/W1574414179","https://openalex.org/W4297676672","https://openalex.org/W3009056573","https://openalex.org/W2922073769","https://openalex.org/W4281702477","https://openalex.org/W2490526372","https://openalex.org/W2989932438","https://openalex.org/W4387297750","https://openalex.org/W2186333919"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"their":[1,23],"high":[2],"prediction":[3,202],"accuracy,":[4],"deep":[5],"learning-based":[6],"soft":[7,128],"sensor":[8,129],"(DLSS)":[9],"models":[10],"face":[11],"challenges":[12],"related":[13],"to":[14,108,135,207],"adversarial":[15,19,30,38,53,64,69,78,99,121,140,157,199,217],"robustness":[16,158,218],"against":[17,198],"malicious":[18],"attacks,":[20],"which":[21],"hinder":[22],"widespread":[24],"deployment":[25],"and":[26,51,81,119,141,154,201],"safe":[27],"application.":[28],"Although":[29],"training":[31,65,70,131],"is":[32,133,183],"the":[33,85,94,110,124,156,166,191,216],"primary":[34],"method":[35],"for":[36,173,214],"enhancing":[37,155,215],"robustness,":[39],"existing":[40],"adversarial-training-based":[41],"defense":[42,197],"methods":[43],"often":[44],"struggle":[45],"with":[46],"accurately":[47],"estimating":[48],"transfer":[49,116],"gradients":[50],"avoiding":[52,148],"robust":[54,162],"overfitting.":[55,163],"To":[56,164],"address":[57],"these":[58],"issues,":[59],"we":[60],"propose":[61],"a":[62,127,170,186,194],"novel":[63],"approach,":[66],"namely":[67],"domain-adaptive":[68,82,130,145],"(DAAT).":[71],"DAAT":[72],"comprises":[73],"two":[74],"stages:":[75],"historical":[76,90],"gradient-based":[77],"attack":[79],"(HGAA)":[80],"training.":[83],"In":[84,123],"first":[86],"stage,":[87,126],"HGAA":[88],"incorporates":[89],"gradient":[91,103,117],"information":[92],"into":[93],"iterative":[95,106],"process":[96],"of":[97,159,168,219],"generating":[98],"samples.":[100,122],"It":[101],"considers":[102],"similarity":[104],"between":[105,196],"steps":[107],"stabilize":[109],"updating":[111],"direction,":[112],"resulting":[113],"in":[114,177],"improved":[115],"estimation":[118],"stronger":[120],"second":[125],"model":[132,172],"developed":[134],"learn":[136],"common":[137],"features":[138],"from":[139],"original":[142],"samples":[143,200,206],"through":[144],"training,":[146],"thereby":[147],"excessive":[149],"leaning":[150],"toward":[151],"either":[152],"side":[153],"DLSS":[160,171,192],"without":[161],"demonstrate":[165],"effectiveness":[167],"DAAT,":[169,190],"crystal":[174],"quality":[175],"variables":[176],"silicon":[178],"single-crystal":[179],"growth":[180],"manufacturing":[181],"processes":[182],"used":[184],"as":[185],"case":[187],"study.":[188],"Through":[189],"achieves":[193],"balance":[195],"accuracy":[203],"on":[204],"normal":[205],"some":[208],"extent,":[209],"offering":[210],"an":[211],"effective":[212],"approach":[213],"DLSS.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T09:04:59.091469","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}