{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399745321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123885","title":"Infrared Dim Small Target Detection Networks: A Review","display_name":"Infrared Dim Small Target Detection Networks: A Review","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399745321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123885","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38931669"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123885","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3885/pdf?version=1718442779","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3885/pdf?version=1718442779","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101814292","display_name":"Yongbo Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4225-0908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongbo Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128284","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104209036","display_name":"Xuefeng Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6106-8208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xuefeng Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128284","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114158811","display_name":"Yucheng Xia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yucheng Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128284","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109971122","display_name":"Jinmei Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128284","display_name":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/02bn68w95","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinmei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128284","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Optoelectronic Precision Measurement, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610209, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104209036"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128284"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":31.5624,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.996183,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"12","first_page":"3885","last_page":"3885"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11637","display_name":"Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.7048041820526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6931484937667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6243512034416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.6095359325408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.5592373609542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5279433131217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48401328921318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.42094358801841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38599449396133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.18753385543823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.10909003019332886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.7048041820526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6931484937667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6243512034416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6095359325408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.5592373609542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5279433131217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48401328921318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.42094358801841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38599449396133423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18753385543823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.10909003019332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123885","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3885/pdf?version=1718442779","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38931669","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38931669","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11207645","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11207645","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:593a83bb0c8f46d2a27d1615e379d119","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/593a83bb0c8f46d2a27d1615e379d119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 12, p 3885 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123885","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123885","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3885/pdf?version=1718442779","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399745321.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974872009","https://openalex.org/W1978993121","https://openalex.org/W1992873714","https://openalex.org/W2041560658","https://openalex.org/W2051185466","https://openalex.org/W2052955282","https://openalex.org/W2074516045","https://openalex.org/W2077520767","https://openalex.org/W2080197848","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2158479002","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2249334575","https://openalex.org/W2407220925","https://openalex.org/W2544366167","https://openalex.org/W2604768956","https://openalex.org/W2741058951","https://openalex.org/W2745102798","https://openalex.org/W2774646044","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2900678331","https://openalex.org/W2918460136","https://openalex.org/W2921709033","https://openalex.org/W2944699806","https://openalex.org/W2981068491","https://openalex.org/W2991758591","https://openalex.org/W3015788359","https://openalex.org/W3017347451","https://openalex.org/W3039443125","https://openalex.org/W3086144474","https://openalex.org/W3117782667","https://openalex.org/W3118249006","https://openalex.org/W3118934234","https://openalex.org/W3124866053","https://openalex.org/W3145563919","https://openalex.org/W3171950886","https://openalex.org/W3183676354","https://openalex.org/W3187636574","https://openalex.org/W3194894013","https://openalex.org/W3200250689","https://openalex.org/W4205894295","https://openalex.org/W4206367471","https://openalex.org/W4206913762","https://openalex.org/W4212863773","https://openalex.org/W4214819464","https://openalex.org/W4226043641","https://openalex.org/W4285121177","https://openalex.org/W4285259796","https://openalex.org/W4286630479","https://openalex.org/W4288737045","https://openalex.org/W4312674029","https://openalex.org/W4312805004","https://openalex.org/W4312827004","https://openalex.org/W4312981150","https://openalex.org/W4313065862","https://openalex.org/W4313506322","https://openalex.org/W4313855945","https://openalex.org/W4317794940","https://openalex.org/W4319159959","https://openalex.org/W4319303166","https://openalex.org/W4323262682","https://openalex.org/W4372259824","https://openalex.org/W4376607843","https://openalex.org/W4382401167","https://openalex.org/W4382407262","https://openalex.org/W4384519318","https://openalex.org/W4384519474","https://openalex.org/W4385819722","https://openalex.org/W4385938232","https://openalex.org/W4386180675","https://openalex.org/W4386634626","https://openalex.org/W4387490583","https://openalex.org/W4387806959","https://openalex.org/W4388843911","https://openalex.org/W4389080187","https://openalex.org/W4389640053","https://openalex.org/W4389890059","https://openalex.org/W4389890676","https://openalex.org/W4390905672","https://openalex.org/W4391943446","https://openalex.org/W4404101640","https://openalex.org/W6790174033","https://openalex.org/W6798389553","https://openalex.org/W6806068438","https://openalex.org/W6810581987","https://openalex.org/W6847788559","https://openalex.org/W6849213313","https://openalex.org/W6853813490","https://openalex.org/W6854964880","https://openalex.org/W6861958475","https://openalex.org/W6873441989"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W1567818861","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W632915154","https://openalex.org/W2055733372","https://openalex.org/W4380075502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,159],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"with":[3],"the":[4,34,55,64,73,81,89,96,118,141,144,153,173],"rapid":[5],"development":[6],"of":[7,76,83,91,117,143,156,172],"deep":[8,51,97],"learning":[9,52],"and":[10,37,59,103,114,132,138],"its":[11],"outstanding":[12],"capabilities":[13],"in":[14,68,95,167,176],"target":[15,26,44,92,180],"detection,":[16],"innovative":[17],"methods":[18,53],"have":[19],"been":[20],"introduced":[21],"for":[22,40,108,127,136],"infrared":[23,41,128,177],"dim":[24,42,129,178],"small":[25,43,77,130,179],"detection.":[27,45],"This":[28,46],"review":[29,47,122,149,162],"comprehensively":[30],"summarizes":[31,123],"public":[32,125],"datasets,":[33],"latest":[35,145,174],"networks,":[36],"evaluation":[38,133],"metrics":[39,134],"mainly":[48],"focuses":[49],"on":[50,63],"from":[54],"past":[56],"three":[57],"years":[58],"categorizes":[60],"them":[61],"based":[62],"six":[65],"key":[66],"issues":[67,116],"this":[69,121,148,157,161],"field:":[70],"(1)":[71],"enhancing":[72],"representation":[74],"capability":[75],"targets;":[78],"(2)":[79],"improving":[80],"accuracy":[82],"bounding":[84],"box":[85],"regression;":[86],"(3)":[87],"resolving":[88],"issue":[90],"information":[93],"loss":[94],"network;":[98],"(4)":[99],"balancing":[100],"missed":[101],"detections":[102],"false":[104],"alarms;":[105],"(5)":[106],"adapting":[107],"complex":[109],"backgrounds;":[110],"(6)":[111],"lightweight":[112],"design":[113],"deployment":[115],"network.":[119],"Additionally,":[120],"twelve":[124],"datasets":[126],"targets":[131],"used":[135],"detection":[137,181],"quantitatively":[139],"compares":[140],"performance":[142],"networks.":[146,182],"Finally,":[147],"provides":[150],"insights":[151],"into":[152],"future":[154],"directions":[155],"field.":[158],"conclusion,":[160],"aims":[163],"to":[164],"assist":[165],"researchers":[166],"gaining":[168],"a":[169],"comprehensive":[170],"understanding":[171],"developments":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}