{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399686156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123839","title":"An Efficient Pulse Circuit Design for Magnetic Stimulation with Diversified Waveforms and Adjustable Parameters","display_name":"An Efficient Pulse Circuit Design for Magnetic Stimulation with Diversified Waveforms and Adjustable Parameters","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399686156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123839"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123839","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3839/pdf?version=1718292183","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3839/pdf?version=1718292183","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011028108","display_name":"Xiao Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8373-4074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102600","display_name":"High Magnetic Field Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01gh88804","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I4210102600"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","High Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu 611731, China","Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102600"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375710","display_name":"Tao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6643-4686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102600","display_name":"High Magnetic Field Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01gh88804","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667","https://openalex.org/I4210102600"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["High Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu 611731, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"High Field Magnetic Resonance Brain Imaging Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102600"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100297983","display_name":"Yaoyao Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2708-4637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoyao Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066330368","display_name":"Shaolong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-5688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31595395","display_name":"Chengdu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05pejbw21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaolong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Nuclear Technology and Automation Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31595395"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011028108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711","https://openalex.org/I31595395","https://openalex.org/I4210102600","https://openalex.org/I47720641"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.3153,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80055993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"12","first_page":"3839","last_page":"3839"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10614","display_name":"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.8582427501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulation","display_name":"Stimulation","score":0.758931040763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","score":0.5648374557495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.5619971752166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromodulation","display_name":"Neuromodulation","score":0.5515416264533997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.4227445721626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3761201500892639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3478739261627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33326393365859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.33131980895996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.32679450511932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.32569292187690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2719646692276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.18280431628227234}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.8582427501678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.758931040763855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778581513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q263962","display_name":"Transcranial magnetic stimulation","level":3,"score":0.5648374557495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.5619971752166748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780375056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905905","display_name":"Neuromodulation","level":3,"score":0.5515416264533997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.4227445721626282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3761201500892639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3478739261627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33326393365859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33131980895996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.32679450511932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.32569292187690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2719646692276001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.18280431628227234}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123839","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3839/pdf?version=1718292183","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11207347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11207347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c15e2ebaa6504b42bdc1dd49929e4f52","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c15e2ebaa6504b42bdc1dd49929e4f52","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 12, p 3839 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24123839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123839","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/12/3839/pdf?version=1718292183","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399686156.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524937812","https://openalex.org/W1583548689","https://openalex.org/W1964612837","https://openalex.org/W1972399504","https://openalex.org/W1975202050","https://openalex.org/W1976287917","https://openalex.org/W1996520769","https://openalex.org/W2009623750","https://openalex.org/W2010003242","https://openalex.org/W2012846568","https://openalex.org/W2014493574","https://openalex.org/W2020686823","https://openalex.org/W2021018218","https://openalex.org/W2036138731","https://openalex.org/W2037710506","https://openalex.org/W2047573372","https://openalex.org/W2070737773","https://openalex.org/W2071449675","https://openalex.org/W2072962457","https://openalex.org/W2077726361","https://openalex.org/W2097131191","https://openalex.org/W2097178211","https://openalex.org/W2097311789","https://openalex.org/W2103273572","https://openalex.org/W2171855144","https://openalex.org/W2302097048","https://openalex.org/W2329769465","https://openalex.org/W2410290145","https://openalex.org/W2412863341","https://openalex.org/W2900650407","https://openalex.org/W2913779779","https://openalex.org/W2940973257","https://openalex.org/W2950399706","https://openalex.org/W6715385910","https://openalex.org/W6756700624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127457454","https://openalex.org/W2755960881","https://openalex.org/W1974895211","https://openalex.org/W2129841057","https://openalex.org/W3040712279","https://openalex.org/W2176409448","https://openalex.org/W2500286343","https://openalex.org/W3014358347","https://openalex.org/W2106426102","https://openalex.org/W2187026211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,82,278],"noninvasive":[2],"neuromodulation":[3,346],"technique,":[4],"transcranial":[5],"magnetic":[6,86,133],"stimulation":[7,64,75,80,87,134,148,185,202,211,239,337,351],"(TMS)":[8],"has":[9],"important":[10],"applications":[11],"both":[12,144],"in":[13,101,150,172],"the":[14,21,27,29,33,41,56,63,68,106,110,120,147,151,173,207,210,218,223,231,238,241,282,320,324,336,345,350],"exploration":[15],"of":[16,23,44,55,70,109,146,180,209,213,235,240,338],"mental":[17,24],"disorder":[18],"causes":[19],"and":[20,46,77,162,190,199,260,262,271,306,314,332,348],"treatment":[22],"disorders.":[25],"During":[26],"stimulation,":[28],"TMS":[30,152,215,254],"system":[31],"generates":[32],"intracranial":[34,124,165,182],"time-varying":[35],"induced":[36,57,125,166,183,317],"E-field":[37,184],"(E-field),":[38],"which":[39,168,204,341],"alters":[40],"membrane":[42,268,287],"potential":[43,269],"neurons":[45,236],"subsequently":[47],"exerts":[48],"neural":[49,264],"regulatory":[50],"effects.":[51],"The":[52,251],"temporal":[53],"waveform":[54,186,212,244],"E-fields":[58,318],"is":[59,99,328],"directly":[60],"related":[61],"to":[62,118,129,292],"effect.":[65],"To":[66],"meet":[67],"needs":[69,128],"scientific":[71],"research":[72,227],"on":[73,94,105,230],"diversified":[74],"waveforms":[76,220],"flexible":[78],"adjustable":[79,191],"parameters,":[81],"novel":[83],"efficient":[84],"pulse":[85,192],"circuit":[88,114,156,255],"(the":[89,123,140,245,302],"EPMS":[90,155,224],"circuit)":[91],"design":[92],"based":[93],"asymmetric":[95],"cascaded":[96],"multilevel":[97],"technology":[98],"proposed":[100],"this":[102,113],"paper.":[103],"Based":[104],"transient":[107],"analysis":[108],"discharge":[111,141,303],"circuit,":[112,225],"makes":[115],"it":[116],"possible":[117],"convert":[119],"physical":[121,284],"quantity":[122],"E-field)":[126],"that":[127,289,310],"be":[130,295],"measured":[131],"after":[132],"into":[135,297],"easily":[136,298],"analyzable":[137,299],"electrical":[138,300],"signals":[139,301],"voltage":[142,258,304],"at":[143],"ends":[145],"coil":[149],"circuit).":[153],"This":[154],"can":[157,294],"not":[158],"only":[159],"realize":[160,177],"monophasic":[161,195,313],"biphasic":[163,197,242,315],"cosine-shaped":[164],"E-fields,":[167],"are":[169,290],"widely":[170],"used":[171],"market,":[174],"but":[175],"also":[176],"three":[178],"types":[179],"new":[181,219],"with":[187,248,312,319],"optional":[188],"amplitude":[189],"width,":[193],"including":[194],"near-rectangular,":[196],"near-rectangular":[198],"monophasic/biphasic":[200],"ladder-shaped":[201],"waveform,":[203,340],"breaks":[205],"through":[206],"limitation":[208],"traditional":[214],"systems.":[216],"Among":[217],"produced":[221],"by":[222,330],"further":[226],"was":[228,275],"conducted":[229],"dynamic":[232],"response":[233,265],"characteristics":[234,266],"under":[237,335],"four-level":[243],"BFL":[246,339],"waveform)":[247],"controllable":[249],"parameters.":[250],"relationship":[252],"between":[253],"parameters":[256],"(discharge":[257],"level":[259,305],"duration)":[261],"corresponding":[263],"(neuron":[267],"change":[270],"neuronal":[272],"polarizability":[273],"ratio)":[274],"explained":[276],"from":[277],"microscopic":[279],"perspective.":[280],"Accordingly,":[281],"biological":[283],"quantities":[285],"(neuronal":[286],"potential)":[288],"difficult":[291],"measure":[293],"transformed":[296],"duration).":[307],"Results":[308],"showed":[309],"compared":[311],"cosine":[316],"same":[321],"energy":[322],"loss,":[323],"neuron":[325],"polarization":[326],"ratio":[327],"decreased":[329],"54.5%":[331],"87.5%,":[333],"respectively,":[334],"could":[342],"effectively":[343],"enhance":[344],"effect":[347],"improve":[349],"selectivity.":[352]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
