{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399392677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113696","title":"Investigation of Appropriate Scaling of Networks and Images for Convolutional Neural Network-Based Nerve Detection in Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Blocks","display_name":"Investigation of Appropriate Scaling of Networks and Images for Convolutional Neural Network-Based Nerve Detection in Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Blocks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399392677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113696","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113696","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3696/pdf?version=1717681789","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3696/pdf?version=1717681789","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059924750","display_name":"Takaaki Sugino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4922-7375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125602781","display_name":"Tokyo Medical and Dental University","ror":"https://ror.org/051k3eh31","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125602781"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Takaaki Sugino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4922-7375","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125602781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073976151","display_name":"Shinya Onogi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0642-0511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125602781","display_name":"Tokyo Medical and Dental University","ror":"https://ror.org/051k3eh31","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125602781"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinya Onogi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0642-0511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125602781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065648743","display_name":"Rieko Oishi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1115-8068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130830085","display_name":"Fukushima Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/012eh0r35","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130830085"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rieko Oishi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130830085"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019209601","display_name":"Chie Hanayama","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130830085","display_name":"Fukushima Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/012eh0r35","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130830085"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chie Hanayama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130830085"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034199030","display_name":"Satoki Inoue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8746-3152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130830085","display_name":"Fukushima Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/012eh0r35","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130830085"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoki Inoue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8746-3152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130830085"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111221912","display_name":"Shinjiro Ishida","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinjiro Ishida","raw_affiliation_strings":["TCC Media Lab Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0152, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TCC Media Lab Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0152, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024257250","display_name":"Yuhang Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7045-0002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092282","display_name":"Soft99 (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00mwp7g70","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092282"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["IOT SOFT Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103-0023, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IOT SOFT Co., Ltd., Tokyo 103-0023, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092282"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111221913","display_name":"Nobuhiro Ogasawara","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nobuhiro Ogasawara","raw_affiliation_strings":["TCC Media Lab Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0152, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TCC Media Lab Co., Ltd., Tokyo 192-0152, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036218510","display_name":"Masahiro Murakawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0196-1914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130830085","display_name":"Fukushima Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/012eh0r35","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130830085"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masahiro Murakawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anesthesiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anesthesiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130830085"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010086241","display_name":"Yoshikazu Nakajima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3067-6290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125602781","display_name":"Tokyo Medical and Dental University","ror":"https://ror.org/051k3eh31","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125602781"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshikazu Nakajima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Informatics, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3067-6290","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Informatics, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125602781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059924750"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125602781"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.531,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65678502,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"3696","last_page":"3696"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10189","display_name":"Anesthesia and Pain Management","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12476","display_name":"Intraoperative Neuromonitoring and Anesthetic Effects","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8079354166984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7070012092590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-pattern","display_name":"Speckle pattern","score":0.6019905209541321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5999869704246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasound","display_name":"Ultrasound","score":0.5712443590164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speckle-noise","display_name":"Speckle noise","score":0.5285904407501221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4653732478618622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4546440541744232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.44256144762039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4368608593940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.42962777614593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4261564612388611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.37802377343177795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.1127828061580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.10254561901092529}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8079354166984558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7070012092590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102290492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle pattern","level":2,"score":0.6019905209541321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5999869704246521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143753070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162564","display_name":"Ultrasound","level":2,"score":0.5712443590164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180940675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575045","display_name":"Speckle noise","level":3,"score":0.5285904407501221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4653732478618622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4546440541744232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.44256144762039185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4368608593940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.42962777614593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4261564612388611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.37802377343177795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.1127828061580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10254561901092529}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009407","descriptor_name":"Nerve Block","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009407","descriptor_name":"Nerve Block","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009407","descriptor_name":"Nerve Block","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009407","descriptor_name":"Nerve Block","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010525","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Nerves","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010525","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Nerves","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010525","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Nerves","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010525","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Nerves","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010525","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Nerves","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010525","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Nerves","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010525","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Nerves","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010525","descriptor_name":"Peripheral Nerves","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018084","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography, Interventional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018084","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography, Interventional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018084","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography, Interventional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018084","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography, Interventional","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113696","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3696/pdf?version=1717681789","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38894486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11175212","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11175212","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11175212/pdf/sensors-24-03696.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:05501f630812418582e0251ba75474a7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/05501f630812418582e0251ba75474a7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 11, p 3696 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113696","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113696","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3696/pdf?version=1717681789","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399392677.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1980957321","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2377483935","https://openalex.org/W2466942361","https://openalex.org/W2773429971","https://openalex.org/W2900400760","https://openalex.org/W2946948417","https://openalex.org/W2955014367","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2975335853","https://openalex.org/W2997747012","https://openalex.org/W3004415073","https://openalex.org/W3034396853","https://openalex.org/W3042011474","https://openalex.org/W3157040981","https://openalex.org/W3157806445","https://openalex.org/W3163441995","https://openalex.org/W3180134609","https://openalex.org/W3217362980","https://openalex.org/W4210853842","https://openalex.org/W4220819027","https://openalex.org/W4283120689","https://openalex.org/W4289792609","https://openalex.org/W4292448868","https://openalex.org/W4307823382","https://openalex.org/W4313826162","https://openalex.org/W4323897044","https://openalex.org/W4388823657","https://openalex.org/W4390581816","https://openalex.org/W4392474505","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6770715449"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065648684","https://openalex.org/W2113052720","https://openalex.org/W2799624451","https://openalex.org/W2009383287","https://openalex.org/W2042914788","https://openalex.org/W2182190754","https://openalex.org/W4321264664","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W2055824452","https://openalex.org/W2121688719"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ultrasound":[0],"imaging":[1],"is":[2],"an":[3,52,73],"essential":[4],"tool":[5],"in":[6,25],"anesthesiology,":[7],"particularly":[8],"for":[9,60],"ultrasound-guided":[10],"peripheral":[11],"nerve":[12,26,33,61],"blocks":[13],"(US-PNBs).":[14],"However,":[15],"challenges":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"speckle":[19],"noise,":[20],"acoustic":[21],"shadows,":[22],"and":[23,50,56,72,83,97,111],"variability":[24],"appearance":[27],"complicate":[28],"the":[29,78],"accurate":[30],"localization":[31],"of":[32,80,108],"tissues.":[34],"To":[35],"address":[36],"this":[37,39],"issue,":[38],"study":[40],"introduces":[41],"a":[42,69],"deep":[43],"convolutional":[44],"neural":[45],"network":[46,54],"(DCNN),":[47],"specifically":[48],"Scaled-YOLOv4,":[49],"investigates":[51],"appropriate":[53],"model":[55,81,99,109],"input":[57,84,95,112],"image":[58,85,113],"scaling":[59],"detection":[62,88,103,119],"on":[63,87],"ultrasound":[64],"images.":[65],"Utilizing":[66],"two":[67],"datasets,":[68],"public":[70],"dataset":[71],"original":[74],"dataset,":[75],"we":[76],"evaluated":[77],"effects":[79],"scale":[82],"size":[86,110,114],"performance.":[89],"Our":[90],"findings":[91],"reveal":[92],"that":[93],"smaller":[94],"images":[96],"larger":[98],"scales":[100],"significantly":[101],"improve":[102],"accuracy.":[104],"The":[105],"optimal":[106],"configuration":[107],"not":[115],"only":[116],"achieved":[117],"high":[118],"accuracy":[120],"but":[121],"also":[122],"demonstrated":[123],"real-time":[124],"processing":[125],"capabilities.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
