{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399387814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113683","title":"Real-Time Arabic Sign Language Recognition Using a Hybrid Deep Learning Model","display_name":"Real-Time Arabic Sign Language Recognition Using a Hybrid Deep Learning Model","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399387814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113683","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894473"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113683","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3683/pdf?version=1717663827","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3683/pdf?version=1717663827","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007181352","display_name":"Talal H. Noor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5076-8163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Talal H. Noor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006082681","display_name":"Ayman Noor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3344-2847"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayman Noor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114173413","display_name":"Ahmed F. Alharbi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed F. Alharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049434377","display_name":"Faisal Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7601-3962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Faisal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099034092","display_name":"Rakan Alrashidi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rakan Alrashidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108681726","display_name":"Ahmed Alsaedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3452-8922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed S. Alsaedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075423176","display_name":"Ghada Alharbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4871-455X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghada Alharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080893122","display_name":"Tawfeeq Alsanoosy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2630-5972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tawfeeq Alsanoosy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074717609","display_name":"Abdullah Alsaeedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7974-7638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah Alsaeedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007181352"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":19.6989,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99727081,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"3683","last_page":"3683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"Sign language","score":0.8385370969772339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7789698243141174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.6687862277030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6530839204788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5530072450637817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5285495519638062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.49772360920906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4972746670246124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.4790995419025421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpreter","display_name":"Interpreter","score":0.4471837282180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4112914502620697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.32896190881729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.08506447076797485}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.8385370969772339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7789698243141174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.6687862277030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6530839204788208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5530072450637817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5285495519638062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.49772360920906067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4972746670246124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.4790995419025421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122783720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183065","display_name":"Interpreter","level":2,"score":0.4471837282180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4112914502620697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.32896190881729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08506447076797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005868","descriptor_name":"Gestures","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012529","descriptor_name":"Saudi Arabia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012529","descriptor_name":"Saudi Arabia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012529","descriptor_name":"Saudi Arabia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012529","descriptor_name":"Saudi Arabia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012813","descriptor_name":"Sign Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012813","descriptor_name":"Sign Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012813","descriptor_name":"Sign Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012813","descriptor_name":"Sign Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113683","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3683/pdf?version=1717663827","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38894473","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11175347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11175347","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11175347/pdf/sensors-24-03683.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2401c5a9c8584e41adeca621e4be4111","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2401c5a9c8584e41adeca621e4be4111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 11, p 3683 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113683","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3683/pdf?version=1717663827","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399387814.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978543979","https://openalex.org/W2478625049","https://openalex.org/W2590076343","https://openalex.org/W2743239999","https://openalex.org/W2794899000","https://openalex.org/W2885195348","https://openalex.org/W2889784082","https://openalex.org/W2897208343","https://openalex.org/W2914489644","https://openalex.org/W2944851425","https://openalex.org/W2995336103","https://openalex.org/W3024761859","https://openalex.org/W3046544838","https://openalex.org/W3046952127","https://openalex.org/W3124539583","https://openalex.org/W3139253646","https://openalex.org/W3148209143","https://openalex.org/W3157194785","https://openalex.org/W3158214959","https://openalex.org/W3183955545","https://openalex.org/W4226018451","https://openalex.org/W4282006100","https://openalex.org/W4285685564","https://openalex.org/W4308935999","https://openalex.org/W4312555009","https://openalex.org/W4318571797","https://openalex.org/W4321375307","https://openalex.org/W4323314027","https://openalex.org/W4323339375","https://openalex.org/W4368276286","https://openalex.org/W4384932067","https://openalex.org/W4386075496","https://openalex.org/W4387870572","https://openalex.org/W4390321749","https://openalex.org/W4390826658","https://openalex.org/W4391865659","https://openalex.org/W4392215237","https://openalex.org/W6749733514","https://openalex.org/W6793695013","https://openalex.org/W6846939586","https://openalex.org/W6852333024","https://openalex.org/W6887810235"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4308478915","https://openalex.org/W4386716227","https://openalex.org/W4389049376","https://openalex.org/W2056227523","https://openalex.org/W4396496381","https://openalex.org/W1986488374","https://openalex.org/W134296123","https://openalex.org/W1608168893","https://openalex.org/W2348960846","https://openalex.org/W4285152862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sign":[0,68],"language":[1,21,90,112],"is":[2,15],"an":[3],"essential":[4],"means":[5],"of":[6,19,37,43,65,88,99,138,147,185,222],"communication":[7,199],"for":[8,155,164,201,224],"individuals":[9],"with":[10,176],"hearing":[11,226],"disabilities.":[12],"However,":[13],"there":[14],"a":[16,34,80,100,115,145,212],"significant":[17],"shortage":[18,31],"sign":[20,89,111],"interpreters":[22],"in":[23,27,33,46,56,152,205],"some":[24],"languages,":[25],"especially":[26,45],"Saudi":[28,206],"Arabia.":[29,207],"This":[30,49],"results":[32,191],"large":[35],"proportion":[36],"the":[38,85,136,177,202,220,225],"hearing-impaired":[39,203],"population":[40],"being":[41],"deprived":[42],"services,":[44],"public":[47],"places.":[48],"paper":[50,210],"aims":[51],"to":[52,61,83,106,121,127],"address":[53],"this":[54,76,209],"gap":[55],"accessibility":[57,200],"by":[58],"leveraging":[59],"technology":[60],"develop":[62],"systems":[63],"capable":[64],"recognizing":[66],"Arabic":[67],"Language":[69],"(ArSL)":[70],"using":[71],"deep":[72],"learning":[73],"techniques.":[74],"In":[75],"paper,":[77],"we":[78,143],"propose":[79],"hybrid":[81,96,141,171],"model":[82,97,172],"capture":[84],"spatio-temporal":[86],"aspects":[87],"(i.e.,":[91,131],"letters":[92],"and":[93,114,124,161,179,187,218],"words).":[94],"The":[95],"consists":[98],"Convolutional":[101],"Neural":[102],"Network":[103],"(CNN)":[104],"classifier":[105,120],"extract":[107,122],"spatial":[108,123],"features":[109],"from":[110],"data":[113,130],"Long":[116],"Short-Term":[117],"Memory":[118],"(LSTM)":[119],"temporal":[125],"characteristics":[126],"handle":[128],"sequential":[129],"hand":[132],"movements).":[133],"To":[134],"demonstrate":[135],"feasibility":[137],"our":[139,194],"proposed":[140,170],"model,":[142],"created":[144],"dataset":[146],"20":[148],"different":[149],"words,":[150],"resulting":[151],"4000":[153],"images":[154],"ArSL:":[156],"10":[157,165],"static":[158],"gesture":[159,167],"words":[160],"500":[162],"videos":[163],"dynamic":[166],"words.":[168],"Our":[169],"demonstrates":[173],"promising":[174],"performance,":[175],"CNN":[178],"LSTM":[180],"classifiers":[181],"achieving":[182],"accuracy":[183],"rates":[184],"94.40%":[186],"82.70%,":[188],"respectively.":[189],"These":[190],"indicate":[192],"that":[193],"approach":[195],"can":[196],"significantly":[197],"enhance":[198],"community":[204],"Thus,":[208],"represents":[211],"major":[213],"step":[214],"toward":[215],"promoting":[216],"inclusivity":[217],"improving":[219],"quality":[221],"life":[223],"impaired.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}