{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399365164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113661","title":"A Novel Method for Full-Section Assessment of High-Speed Railway Subgrade Compaction Quality Based on ML-Interval Prediction Theory","display_name":"A Novel Method for Full-Section Assessment of High-Speed Railway Subgrade Compaction Quality Based on ML-Interval Prediction Theory","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399365164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113661","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894454"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3661/pdf?version=1717665487","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3661/pdf?version=1717665487","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067434007","display_name":"Zhixing Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7616-8171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhixing Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037768289","display_name":"Wubin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6793-5295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wubin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering Research Center of Geological Disaster Prevention Technology in Land Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering Research Center of Geological Disaster Prevention Technology in Land Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101277184","display_name":"Linrong Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linrong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066656857","display_name":"Hao Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3649-8942"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sichuan Expressway Construction & Development Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan Expressway Construction & Development Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053754906","display_name":"Hao Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6869-8896"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sichuan Expressway Construction & Development Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan Expressway Construction & Development Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037768289"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.7264,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63892308,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"3661","last_page":"3661"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10264","display_name":"Asphalt Pavement Performance Evaluation","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10842","display_name":"Railway Engineering and Dynamics","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subgrade","display_name":"Subgrade","score":0.8529926538467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interval","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","score":0.599160373210907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compaction","display_name":"Compaction","score":0.5959206819534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.5931693315505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.45504230260849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41531237959861755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.39926576614379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35309311747550964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3385581374168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.30477309226989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2707810401916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2586837410926819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.23263293504714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2069544494152069}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182377489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337829","display_name":"Subgrade","level":2,"score":0.8529926538467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.599160373210907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196715460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414356","display_name":"Compaction","level":2,"score":0.5959206819534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.5931693315505981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.45504230260849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41531237959861755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.39926576614379883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35309311747550964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3385581374168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.30477309226989746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2707810401916504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2586837410926819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23263293504714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2069544494152069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3661/pdf?version=1717665487","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38894454","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894454","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11175314","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11175314","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:12b249907ffe4ceda050ebf4dc40dbf0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/12b249907ffe4ceda050ebf4dc40dbf0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 11, p 3661 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113661","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113661","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3661/pdf?version=1717665487","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1645770597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"A0920502052401-452","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4039597456","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022-cg-ky-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G500197051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42172322","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8698706268","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2268213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399365164.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2605599425","https://openalex.org/W2766071269","https://openalex.org/W2783371613","https://openalex.org/W2884974372","https://openalex.org/W3003659846","https://openalex.org/W3004924468","https://openalex.org/W3013362873","https://openalex.org/W3015368464","https://openalex.org/W3020339386","https://openalex.org/W3031035328","https://openalex.org/W3034993025","https://openalex.org/W3037047206","https://openalex.org/W3042690205","https://openalex.org/W3095102313","https://openalex.org/W3112528436","https://openalex.org/W3116966423","https://openalex.org/W3135010327","https://openalex.org/W3135081170","https://openalex.org/W3135555994","https://openalex.org/W3138584430","https://openalex.org/W3154486769","https://openalex.org/W3157404655","https://openalex.org/W3165636183","https://openalex.org/W3168160837","https://openalex.org/W3184006472","https://openalex.org/W3199451522","https://openalex.org/W3205019112","https://openalex.org/W3205788709","https://openalex.org/W3207007544","https://openalex.org/W4200498254","https://openalex.org/W4205683783","https://openalex.org/W4205736233","https://openalex.org/W4205879889","https://openalex.org/W4206544469","https://openalex.org/W4206826063","https://openalex.org/W4212947998","https://openalex.org/W4220775061","https://openalex.org/W4220842452","https://openalex.org/W4223893489","https://openalex.org/W4224280535","https://openalex.org/W4281731195","https://openalex.org/W4281808112","https://openalex.org/W4281942577","https://openalex.org/W4285384803","https://openalex.org/W4286492794","https://openalex.org/W4288096519","https://openalex.org/W4289839108","https://openalex.org/W4294743840","https://openalex.org/W4300818608","https://openalex.org/W4303439001","https://openalex.org/W4303987554","https://openalex.org/W4307500787","https://openalex.org/W4308100886","https://openalex.org/W4309345159","https://openalex.org/W4309490535","https://openalex.org/W4312126988","https://openalex.org/W4312249411","https://openalex.org/W4313251633","https://openalex.org/W4360999416","https://openalex.org/W4362668568","https://openalex.org/W4366993105","https://openalex.org/W4377141120","https://openalex.org/W4378569353","https://openalex.org/W4381716707","https://openalex.org/W4385273640","https://openalex.org/W4385708478","https://openalex.org/W4386591434","https://openalex.org/W4386812908","https://openalex.org/W4388325474","https://openalex.org/W4388550062","https://openalex.org/W4390278191","https://openalex.org/W4391100259","https://openalex.org/W4393037085","https://openalex.org/W6791637443","https://openalex.org/W6809230389","https://openalex.org/W6839571625","https://openalex.org/W6856167950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2374578423","https://openalex.org/W2392689767","https://openalex.org/W1995333925","https://openalex.org/W2393467349","https://openalex.org/W190555568","https://openalex.org/W3209117021","https://openalex.org/W3095898100","https://openalex.org/W2359763629","https://openalex.org/W2386733792","https://openalex.org/W619193577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,27,222,227,249,264,300],"high-speed":[1,54,65,77,313],"railway":[2,55,78,314],"subgrade":[3,56,79,215],"compaction":[4,10,57,80,94,189,196,209,270,290,310],"quality":[5,81,190,271,291,311],"is":[6,87,110,120,150,191,203,239,292],"controlled":[7],"by":[8],"the":[9,14,34,53,61,100,104,113,146,154,162,171,177,195,200,207,213,219,233,242,274,281,289,295,309],"degree":[11],"(K),":[12],"with":[13,294],"maximum":[15],"dry":[16],"density":[17],"(\u03c1dmax)":[18],"serving":[19],"as":[20,241],"a":[21,70,96,183],"crucial":[22],"indicator":[23],"for":[24,32,52,73,98,117,185,245,254,266,278,307],"its":[25],"calculation.":[26],"current":[28],"mechanisms":[29],"and":[30,41,141,167,182,235,259,286],"methods":[31],"determining":[33,99],"\u03c1dmax":[35,101,119,157,175,255],"still":[36],"suffer":[37],"from":[38],"uncertainties,":[39],"inefficiencies,":[40],"lack":[42],"of":[43,64,76,174,188,269,283,297,312],"intelligence.":[44],"These":[45],"deficiencies":[46],"can":[47,179,256,272,303],"lead":[48],"to":[49,152,205],"insufficient":[50],"assessments":[51],"quality,":[58],"further":[59],"impacting":[60],"operational":[62],"safety":[63],"railways.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"novel":[71],"method":[72,97,202],"full-section":[74,178,186,267,275],"assessment":[75,187,268],"based":[82,90,102,122,160,193],"on":[83,91,103,123,161,194],"ML-interval":[84],"prediction":[85,148,165,252,261],"theory":[86,149],"proposed.":[88,111],"Firstly,":[89],"indoor":[92],"vibration":[93],"tests,":[95],"dynamic":[105],"stiffness":[106],"Krb":[107],"turning":[108],"point":[109],"Secondly,":[112],"Pso-OptimalML-Adaboost":[114],"(POA)":[115],"model":[116,166,184,229,244,253,265],"predicting":[118,246],"determined":[121],"three":[124],"typical":[125],"machine":[126],"learning":[127],"(ML)":[128],"algorithms,":[129,170],"which":[130,238],"are":[131],"back":[132],"propagation":[133],"neural":[134],"network":[135],"(BPNN),":[136],"support":[137],"vector":[138],"regression":[139],"(SVR),":[140],"random":[142],"forest":[143],"(RF).":[144],"Thirdly,":[145],"interval":[147,164,172,251,277],"introduced":[151],"quantify":[153],"uncertainty":[155],"in":[156,218,232],"prediction.":[158],"Finally,":[159],"Bootstrap-POA-ANN":[163,250],"spatial":[168],"interpolation":[169],"distribution":[173,276],"across":[176],"be":[180],"determined,":[181],"developed":[192],"standard":[197],"(95%).":[198],"Moreover,":[199],"proposed":[201],"applied":[204],"determine":[206],"optimal":[208],"thicknesses":[210],"(H0),":[211],"within":[212],"station":[214],"test":[216],"section":[217],"southwest":[220],"region.":[221],"results":[223],"indicate":[224],"that:":[225],"(1)":[226],"PSO-BPNN-AdaBoost":[228],"performs":[230],"better":[231,293],"accuracy":[234],"error":[236],"metrics,":[237],"selected":[240],"POA":[243],"\u03c1dmax.":[247],"(2)":[248],"construct":[257],"clear":[258],"reliable":[260],"intervals.":[262],"(3)":[263],"provide":[273,304],"K.":[279],"Comparing":[280],"H0":[282,296],"50~60":[284],"cm":[285],"60~70":[287],"cm,":[288],"40~50":[298],"cm.":[299],"research":[301],"findings":[302],"effective":[305],"techniques":[306],"assessing":[308],"subgrades.":[315]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
