{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399300326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113584","title":"Adversarial Attacks against Deep-Learning-Based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast Unsupervised Anomaly Detection Models in the Context of Air Traffic Management","display_name":"Adversarial Attacks against Deep-Learning-Based Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast Unsupervised Anomaly Detection Models in the Context of Air Traffic Management","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399300326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113584","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113584","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3584/pdf?version=1717312224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3584/pdf?version=1717312224","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101804407","display_name":"Peng Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-3126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9163-3126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042938268","display_name":"Buhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7425-0502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Buhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083064267","display_name":"Jiwei Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1485-7465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiwei Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1485-7465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100730376","display_name":"Chao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9816-9383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9816-9383","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046147832","display_name":"Yong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4279-9897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Navigation, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an 710051, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101804407"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.9675,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87450577,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"3584","last_page":"3584"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9550999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7270265817642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6574731469154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6541194319725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6481823921203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4922114908695221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.47579607367515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.4308333694934845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4130858778953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3988819718360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.08992809057235718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7270265817642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6574731469154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6541194319725037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6481823921203613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4922114908695221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.47579607367515564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4308333694934845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4130858778953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3988819718360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.08992809057235718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113584","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3584/pdf?version=1717312224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38894375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11175205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11175205","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11175205/pdf/sensors-24-03584.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:242222509adf4f168409bb2567ecfd6d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/242222509adf4f168409bb2567ecfd6d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 11, p 3584 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/24/11/3584/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24113584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113584","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3584/pdf?version=1717312224","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"No poverty","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399300326.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140368079","https://openalex.org/W1515073590","https://openalex.org/W1871925091","https://openalex.org/W1970088130","https://openalex.org/W1981647260","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2226542185","https://openalex.org/W2288762662","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2767384224","https://openalex.org/W2788741149","https://openalex.org/W2894577781","https://openalex.org/W2901578417","https://openalex.org/W2903297462","https://openalex.org/W2919491917","https://openalex.org/W2921458493","https://openalex.org/W2942039787","https://openalex.org/W2963178695","https://openalex.org/W2963832956","https://openalex.org/W2964082701","https://openalex.org/W2968563406","https://openalex.org/W2969811877","https://openalex.org/W3013520104","https://openalex.org/W3015042267","https://openalex.org/W3015625436","https://openalex.org/W3036652726","https://openalex.org/W3048704412","https://openalex.org/W3104706117","https://openalex.org/W3128339542","https://openalex.org/W3159273500","https://openalex.org/W3167783056","https://openalex.org/W3169450514","https://openalex.org/W3184451401","https://openalex.org/W3192648431","https://openalex.org/W3196302005","https://openalex.org/W3212155980","https://openalex.org/W4211131220","https://openalex.org/W4245243716","https://openalex.org/W4253565363","https://openalex.org/W4283318673","https://openalex.org/W4294672448","https://openalex.org/W4313010394","https://openalex.org/W4323338606","https://openalex.org/W6696451087"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W2667207928","https://openalex.org/W4377864969","https://openalex.org/W2972971679"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"has":[2],"shown":[3],"significant":[4],"advantages":[5],"in":[6,152],"Automatic":[7],"Dependent":[8],"Surveillance-Broadcast":[9],"(ADS-B)":[10],"anomaly":[11,25,88,141],"detection,":[12],"but":[13],"it":[14],"is":[15,102,148],"known":[16],"for":[17,129],"its":[18],"susceptibility":[19],"to":[20,104,144],"adversarial":[21,43,63,82,97,107,145],"examples":[22],"which":[23,45,147],"make":[24],"detection":[26,89,142],"models":[27,90,143],"non-robust.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"study,":[31],"we":[32,127],"propose":[33],"Time":[34],"Neighborhood":[35],"Accumulation":[36],"Iteration":[37],"Fast":[38,111],"Gradient":[39,112],"Sign":[40,113],"Method":[41,114,119],"(TNAI-FGSM)":[42],"attacks":[44,83,108],"fully":[46],"take":[47],"into":[48],"account":[49],"the":[50,59,72,93,100,110,122,130,133],"temporal":[51],"correlation":[52],"of":[53,62,74,95,124,135],"an":[54],"ADS-B":[55,87,96,137],"time":[56,138],"series,":[57],"stabilize":[58],"update":[60],"directions":[61],"samples,":[64],"and":[65,91,116,154],"escape":[66],"from":[67],"poor":[68],"local":[69],"optimum":[70],"during":[71],"process":[73],"iterating.":[75],"The":[76],"experimental":[77],"results":[78],"show":[79],"that":[80],"TNAI-FGSM":[81,101],"can":[84],"successfully":[85],"attack":[86],"improve":[92],"transferability":[94],"examples.":[98],"Moreover,":[99],"superior":[103],"two":[105],"well-known":[106],"called":[109],"(FGSM)":[115],"Basic":[117],"Iterative":[118],"(BIM).":[120],"To":[121],"best":[123],"our":[125],"understanding,":[126],"demonstrate,":[128],"first":[131],"time,":[132],"vulnerability":[134],"deep-learning-based":[136],"series":[139],"unsupervised":[140],"examples,":[146],"a":[149],"crucial":[150],"step":[151],"safety-critical":[153],"cost-critical":[155],"Air":[156],"Traffic":[157],"Management":[158],"(ATM).":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
