{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399043469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113428","title":"Cervical Spondylosis Diagnosis Based on Convolutional Neural Network with X-ray Images","display_name":"Cervical Spondylosis Diagnosis Based on Convolutional Neural Network with X-ray Images","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399043469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113428","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113428","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3428/pdf?version=1716713453","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3428/pdf?version=1716713453","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101621735","display_name":"Yang Yang Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9025-8384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802459333","display_name":"China Rehabilitation Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpqmq41","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802459333"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Imaging, China Rehabilitation Research Center and Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing 100068, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9025-8384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, China Rehabilitation Research Center and Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing 100068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802459333","https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046040123","display_name":"Yali Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-791X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56475706","display_name":"Mid Sweden University","ror":"https://ror.org/019k1pd13","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56475706"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yali Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, 85170 Sundsvall, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1840-791X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, 85170 Sundsvall, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56475706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014048644","display_name":"Jan Lundgren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1819-6200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56475706","display_name":"Mid Sweden University","ror":"https://ror.org/019k1pd13","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56475706"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Lundgren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, 85170 Sundsvall, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1819-6200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, 85170 Sundsvall, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56475706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101665547","display_name":"Mingliang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6026-4740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802459333","display_name":"China Rehabilitation Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpqmq41","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802459333"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingliang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center and Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing 100068, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Spinal and Neural Function Reconstruction, China Rehabilitation Research Center and Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing 100068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802459333","https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319917","display_name":"Yuxuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8617-0435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56475706","display_name":"Mid Sweden University","ror":"https://ror.org/019k1pd13","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56475706"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, 85170 Sundsvall, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8617-0435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Design, Mid Sweden University, 85170 Sundsvall, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56475706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024972359","display_name":"Zhenbo Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2185-7006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183519381","display_name":"Capital Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xs5b60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183519381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802459333","display_name":"China Rehabilitation Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpqmq41","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802459333"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenbo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Imaging, China Rehabilitation Research Center and Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing 100068, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Imaging, China Rehabilitation Research Center and Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Beijing 100068, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802459333","https://openalex.org/I183519381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024972359"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183519381","https://openalex.org/I2802459333"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.3106,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87987324,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"3428","last_page":"3428"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10238","display_name":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2734","display_name":"Pathology and Forensic Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cervical-spondylosis","display_name":"Cervical spondylosis","score":0.7912459373474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7588571310043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projection","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","score":0.6416081190109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6169748306274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6143526434898376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4640340805053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4215134382247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3778473138809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.36222994327545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3091229200363159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.12043395638465881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.07578754425048828}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778019773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097028","display_name":"Cervical spondylosis","level":3,"score":0.7912459373474121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7588571310043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57493831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3134666","display_name":"Projection (relational algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6416081190109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6169748306274414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6143526434898376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4640340805053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4215134382247925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3778473138809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.36222994327545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3091229200363159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.12043395638465881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.07578754425048828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002574","descriptor_name":"Cervical Vertebrae","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002574","descriptor_name":"Cervical Vertebrae","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002574","descriptor_name":"Cervical Vertebrae","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002574","descriptor_name":"Cervical Vertebrae","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014965","descriptor_name":"X-Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014965","descriptor_name":"X-Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014965","descriptor_name":"X-Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014965","descriptor_name":"X-Rays","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055009","descriptor_name":"Spondylosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055009","descriptor_name":"Spondylosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055009","descriptor_name":"Spondylosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055009","descriptor_name":"Spondylosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113428","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3428/pdf?version=1716713453","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38894217","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11174662","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11174662","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11174662/pdf/sensors-24-03428.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:miun-51455","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-51455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400653","display_name":"Diva portal (Dalarna University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e03d7985c0414f97aa9207c69d0bb6f6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e03d7985c0414f97aa9207c69d0bb6f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 11, p 3428 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/24/11/3428/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24113428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113428","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3428/pdf?version=1716713453","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5600295809","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"81971642","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399043469.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992155401","https://openalex.org/W2084881145","https://openalex.org/W2085676849","https://openalex.org/W2107551566","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2138269304","https://openalex.org/W2334152667","https://openalex.org/W2618522203","https://openalex.org/W2788914217","https://openalex.org/W2915626801","https://openalex.org/W2924090463","https://openalex.org/W2964879006","https://openalex.org/W3041780794","https://openalex.org/W3082922252","https://openalex.org/W3109349638","https://openalex.org/W3118119968","https://openalex.org/W3119056329","https://openalex.org/W3157782773","https://openalex.org/W3171710228","https://openalex.org/W3179523223","https://openalex.org/W4205541429","https://openalex.org/W4206968414","https://openalex.org/W4207035601","https://openalex.org/W4210889977","https://openalex.org/W4220827205","https://openalex.org/W4221074943","https://openalex.org/W4224286090","https://openalex.org/W4281923747","https://openalex.org/W4293569751","https://openalex.org/W4296701011","https://openalex.org/W4313472890","https://openalex.org/W4318570815","https://openalex.org/W4323811980","https://openalex.org/W4366242753","https://openalex.org/W4386616226","https://openalex.org/W6672060449","https://openalex.org/W6782441133","https://openalex.org/W6838959420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361727654","https://openalex.org/W2347498552","https://openalex.org/W2359222460","https://openalex.org/W2382801132","https://openalex.org/W2380540775","https://openalex.org/W2377714513","https://openalex.org/W2393062229","https://openalex.org/W2379228004","https://openalex.org/W2394148944","https://openalex.org/W3024952834"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,119],"increase":[1],"in":[2,26,30,108,160,174],"Cervical":[3,162],"Spondylosis":[4],"cases":[5],"and":[6,33,172],"the":[7,10,18,34,94,129,143,155],"expansion":[8],"of":[9,38,67,77,93,102,125,138,145,158],"affected":[11],"demographic":[12],"to":[13,81,111,149],"younger":[14],"patients":[15],"have":[16],"escalated":[17],"demand":[19],"for":[20,90,168],"X-ray":[21,71,104],"screening.":[22],"Challenges":[23],"include":[24],"variability":[25],"imaging":[27],"technology,":[28],"differences":[29],"equipment":[31],"specifications,":[32],"diverse":[35,116],"experience":[36],"levels":[37],"clinicians,":[39],"which":[40,134],"collectively":[41],"hinder":[42],"diagnostic":[43,132,156,170],"accuracy.":[44],"In":[45],"response,":[46],"a":[47,52,64,74,87,122,165],"deep":[48,146],"learning":[49,147],"approach":[50],"utilizing":[51],"ResNet-34":[53],"convolutional":[54],"neural":[55],"network":[56],"has":[57,135],"been":[58],"developed.":[59],"This":[60,140],"model,":[61],"trained":[62],"on":[63,98],"comprehensive":[65],"dataset":[66],"1235":[68],"cervical":[69],"spine":[70],"images":[72],"representing":[73],"wide":[75],"range":[76],"projection":[78,109],"angles,":[79,110],"aims":[80],"mitigate":[82],"these":[83],"issues":[84],"by":[85],"providing":[86],"robust":[88],"tool":[89],"diagnosis.":[91],"Validation":[92],"model":[95,120],"was":[96],"performed":[97],"an":[99,136],"independent":[100],"set":[101],"136":[103],"images,":[105],"also":[106],"varied":[107],"ensure":[112],"its":[113],"efficacy":[114],"across":[115],"clinical":[117,175],"scenarios.":[118],"achieved":[121],"classification":[123],"accuracy":[124,137,171],"89.7%,":[126],"significantly":[127],"outperforming":[128],"traditional":[130],"manual":[131],"approach,":[133],"68.3%.":[139],"advancement":[141],"demonstrates":[142],"viability":[144],"models":[148],"not":[150],"only":[151],"complement":[152],"but":[153],"enhance":[154],"capabilities":[157],"clinicians":[159],"identifying":[161],"Spondylosis,":[163],"offering":[164],"promising":[166],"avenue":[167],"improving":[169],"efficiency":[173],"settings.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}