{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399054953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113400","title":"Cam-Unet: Print-Cam Image Correction for Zero-Bit Fourier Image Watermarking","display_name":"Cam-Unet: Print-Cam Image Correction for Zero-Bit Fourier Image Watermarking","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399054953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113400","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113400","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113400","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3400/pdf?version=1716625410","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3400/pdf?version=1716625410","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069185750","display_name":"Said Boujerfaoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1877-777X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088687","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Ibn Zohr","ror":"https://ror.org/006sgpv47","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088687"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Said Boujerfaoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRF-SIC, University of Ibn Zohr, Agadir 80000, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRF-SIC, University of Ibn Zohr, Agadir 80000, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008813550","display_name":"Hassan Douzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2756-1399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088687","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Ibn Zohr","ror":"https://ror.org/006sgpv47","country_code":"MA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088687"]}],"countries":["MA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Douzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IRF-SIC, University of Ibn Zohr, Agadir 80000, Morocco"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2756-1399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRF-SIC, University of Ibn Zohr, Agadir 80000, Morocco","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088687"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077589876","display_name":"Rachid Harba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0013-0839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12449238","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Orl\u00e9ans","ror":"https://ror.org/014zrew76","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096782","display_name":"Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes, M\u00e9canique et Energ\u00e9tique","ror":"https://ror.org/00sbth994","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782","https://openalex.org/I4210143826"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rachid Harba","raw_affiliation_strings":["PRISME, University of Orl\u00e9ans, 45000 Orl\u00e9ans, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PRISME, University of Orl\u00e9ans, 45000 Orl\u00e9ans, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031342394","display_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Ros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9954-8399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12449238","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Orl\u00e9ans","ror":"https://ror.org/014zrew76","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096782","display_name":"Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes, M\u00e9canique et Energ\u00e9tique","ror":"https://ror.org/00sbth994","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782","https://openalex.org/I4210143826"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Ros","raw_affiliation_strings":["PRISME, University of Orl\u00e9ans, 45000 Orl\u00e9ans, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9954-8399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PRISME, University of Orl\u00e9ans, 45000 Orl\u00e9ans, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12449238","https://openalex.org/I4210096782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069185750"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088687"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"fwci":0.6101,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63638016,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"3400","last_page":"3400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.7967201471328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.76058030128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.668900728225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6410561800003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6393519639968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.5607103109359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.5447174310684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.47288909554481506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.4702264964580536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.45041346549987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.0907488763332367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.7967201471328735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.76058030128479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.668900728225708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6410561800003052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6393519639968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5607103109359741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.5447174310684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.47288909554481506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.4702264964580536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.45041346549987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0907488763332367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113400","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113400","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3400/pdf?version=1716625410","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38894190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11174408","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11174408","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11174408/pdf/sensors-24-03400.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05281326v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05281326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, 2024, 24 (11), pp.3400. ⟨10.3390/s24113400⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b4a9a329f04a435bb732a36d01c99fda","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b4a9a329f04a435bb732a36d01c99fda","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 11, p 3400 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113400","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113400","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3400/pdf?version=1716625410","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399054953.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399054953.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529122600","https://openalex.org/W1588198694","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2004387379","https://openalex.org/W2006844882","https://openalex.org/W2015019319","https://openalex.org/W2019986539","https://openalex.org/W2029880287","https://openalex.org/W2030416284","https://openalex.org/W2043927217","https://openalex.org/W2047573300","https://openalex.org/W2055750511","https://openalex.org/W2082428832","https://openalex.org/W2099968332","https://openalex.org/W2168738463","https://openalex.org/W2203770104","https://openalex.org/W2472718590","https://openalex.org/W2786055572","https://openalex.org/W2794536053","https://openalex.org/W2803938340","https://openalex.org/W2834603693","https://openalex.org/W2883233582","https://openalex.org/W2884089739","https://openalex.org/W2886934227","https://openalex.org/W2908539050","https://openalex.org/W2963201472","https://openalex.org/W2963522749","https://openalex.org/W2963709863","https://openalex.org/W2970373593","https://openalex.org/W2997594966","https://openalex.org/W2998668792","https://openalex.org/W3006625877","https://openalex.org/W3034856584","https://openalex.org/W3106527215","https://openalex.org/W3113009928","https://openalex.org/W3132958368","https://openalex.org/W3194324358","https://openalex.org/W4205102068","https://openalex.org/W4214840669","https://openalex.org/W4296441723","https://openalex.org/W4313245681","https://openalex.org/W4383503849","https://openalex.org/W6605713261"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512373895","https://openalex.org/W2359773540","https://openalex.org/W4327926797","https://openalex.org/W2141372244","https://openalex.org/W1669086842","https://openalex.org/W4294068482","https://openalex.org/W2795318091","https://openalex.org/W2062005526","https://openalex.org/W2546423525","https://openalex.org/W2367449261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"watermarking":[1,125,136,151],"often":[2],"involves":[3],"the":[4,17,59,77,128,146],"use":[5],"of":[6,80],"handheld":[7],"devices":[8],"under":[9],"non-structured":[10],"conditions":[11],"for":[12,41,69,127],"authentication":[13],"purposes,":[14],"particularly":[15],"in":[16],"print-cam":[18,70,99,129,157],"process":[19],"where":[20],"smartphone":[21],"cameras":[22],"are":[23],"used":[24],"to":[25,57,64,73,98,114,155],"capture":[26],"watermarked":[27],"printed":[28],"images.":[29,75],"However,":[30],"these":[31],"images":[32,63,97],"frequently":[33],"suffer":[34],"from":[35,61],"perspective":[36,140],"distortions,":[37,87],"making":[38],"them":[39],"unsuitable":[40],"automated":[42],"information":[43],"detection.":[44],"To":[45],"address":[46],"this":[47,107,120],"issue,":[48],"Cam-Unet,":[49],"an":[50,90,123,161],"end-to-end":[51],"neural":[52],"network":[53,103],"architecture,":[54],"is":[55,104],"presented":[56],"predict":[58],"mapping":[60],"distorted":[62],"rectified":[65],"ones,":[66],"specifically":[67],"tailored":[68],"challenges":[71],"applied":[72],"ID":[74],"Given":[76],"limited":[78],"availability":[79],"large-scale":[81],"real":[82],"datasets":[83],"containing":[84],"ground":[85],"truth":[86],"we":[88],"created":[89],"extensive":[91],"synthetic":[92],"dataset":[93],"by":[94],"subjecting":[95],"undistorted":[96],"attacks.":[100],"The":[101,131],"proposed":[102,147],"trained":[105],"on":[106],"dataset,":[108],"using":[109],"various":[110],"data":[111],"augmentation":[112],"techniques":[113],"improve":[115],"its":[116],"generalization":[117],"capabilities.":[118],"Accordingly,":[119],"paper":[121],"presents":[122],"image":[124],"system":[126],"process.":[130],"approach":[132],"combines":[133],"Fourier":[134],"transform-based":[135],"with":[137],"Cam-Unet":[138],"as":[139],"distortion":[141],"correction.":[142],"Results":[143],"show":[144],"that":[145],"method":[148],"outperforms":[149],"existing":[150],"approaches":[152],"typically":[153],"employed":[154],"counter":[156],"attacks":[158],"and":[159,166],"achieves":[160],"optimal":[162],"balance":[163],"between":[164],"efficiency":[165],"cost-effectiveness.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}