{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399044119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113397","title":"Monitoring of Curing Process of Epoxy Resin by Long-Period Fiber Gratings","display_name":"Monitoring of Curing Process of Epoxy Resin by Long-Period Fiber Gratings","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399044119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113397","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113397","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3397/pdf?version=1716607552","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3397/pdf?version=1716607552","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007660603","display_name":"Oleg V. Ivanov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4443-7514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191240316","display_name":"University of Hull","ror":"https://ror.org/04nkhwh30","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oleg V. Ivanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031438584","display_name":"Kaushal Bhavsar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3952-0890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191240316","display_name":"University of Hull","ror":"https://ror.org/04nkhwh30","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaushal Bhavsar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098881021","display_name":"Oliver Morgan-Clague","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191240316","display_name":"University of Hull","ror":"https://ror.org/04nkhwh30","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Morgan-Clague","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029716164","display_name":"James M. Gilbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4932-938X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191240316","display_name":"University of Hull","ror":"https://ror.org/04nkhwh30","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James M. Gilbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029716164"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.4488,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81551536,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"3397","last_page":"3397"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10846","display_name":"Photonic Crystal and Fiber Optics","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curing","display_name":"Curing (chemistry)","score":0.8428071737289429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epoxy","display_name":"Epoxy","score":0.8115512132644653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.8102273941040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-index","display_name":"Refractive index","score":0.7302508354187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.7005280256271362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.4364508092403412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.284965455532074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.15750792622566223}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132976073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991861","display_name":"Curing (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.8428071737289429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166595027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143983","display_name":"Epoxy","level":2,"score":0.8115512132644653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8102273941040039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.7302508354187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7005280256271362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.4364508092403412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.284965455532074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.15750792622566223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113397","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3397/pdf?version=1716607552","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38894188","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:hull-repository.worktribe.com:4708869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/output/4708869","pdf_url":"https://hull-repository.worktribe.com/file/4708869/1/Published%20article","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400827","display_name":"Repository@Hull (Worktribe) (University of Hull)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I191240316","host_organization_name":"University of Hull","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191240316"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11174369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11174369","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11174369/pdf/sensors-24-03397.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2042cab719ad49558e8171b1f4756f1f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2042cab719ad49558e8171b1f4756f1f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 11, p 3397 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/24/11/3397/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24113397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113397","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113397","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3397/pdf?version=1716607552","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3248304795","display_name":"Supergen ORE hub 2018","funder_award_id":"EP/S000747/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4380936144","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S000747/","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4519198922","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/W025108/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4584818719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/Y016297/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5030451462","display_name":"Heterogeneous Fibre Optic sensor Arrays to Monitor Composite Manufacture (H-FOAM)","funder_award_id":"EP/W025108/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5679975183","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/S000747/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7928976972","display_name":"A New Partnership in Offshore Wind","funder_award_id":"EP/R004900/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399044119.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1710478831","https://openalex.org/W1981729296","https://openalex.org/W1989779882","https://openalex.org/W1997480915","https://openalex.org/W1999646942","https://openalex.org/W2010965466","https://openalex.org/W2023594046","https://openalex.org/W2064667581","https://openalex.org/W2075575464","https://openalex.org/W2080934916","https://openalex.org/W2106741404","https://openalex.org/W2129238422","https://openalex.org/W2136034505","https://openalex.org/W2136610831","https://openalex.org/W2153286367","https://openalex.org/W2154565682","https://openalex.org/W2461187013","https://openalex.org/W2767955783","https://openalex.org/W2913375690","https://openalex.org/W2944881257","https://openalex.org/W3035783067","https://openalex.org/W3052438795","https://openalex.org/W3087403419","https://openalex.org/W3106552867","https://openalex.org/W3179974281","https://openalex.org/W4297423539","https://openalex.org/W4309076413","https://openalex.org/W4377245317","https://openalex.org/W4389096311","https://openalex.org/W4396640882"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368553516","https://openalex.org/W2029432124","https://openalex.org/W2494634866","https://openalex.org/W4390816174","https://openalex.org/W2377941652","https://openalex.org/W1140853113","https://openalex.org/W4233979841","https://openalex.org/W2058643499","https://openalex.org/W2381815057","https://openalex.org/W2391001837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,33],"curing":[1,22,43,164],"of":[2,24,36,53,67,74,86,98,121,129,163],"epoxy":[3,26,38],"resin":[4,27,39],"is":[5,11],"a":[6,134],"complex":[7],"thermo-chemical":[8],"process":[9,23,44],"that":[10,60,83,118,152],"difficult":[12],"to":[13,49,63,111,146],"monitor":[14],"using":[15,29,133],"existing":[16],"sensing":[17],"systems.":[18],"We":[19,55,81,116],"monitored":[20],"the":[21,37,42,51,64,72,79,84,94,99,109,119,127,130,138,161],"an":[25,68],"by":[28,105],"long-period":[30,57,87,141],"fiber":[31,58,88,142],"gratings.":[32],"refractive":[34,65,75,96],"index":[35,66,76,97],"increases":[40],"during":[41,155],"and":[45,149,166],"can":[46,123],"be":[47,124,169],"measured":[48],"determine":[50],"degree":[52,120,165],"curing.":[54,156],"employed":[56],"gratings":[59,89,143],"are":[61,144,153],"sensitive":[62,145],"external":[69],"medium":[70],"for":[71],"measurement":[73],"changes":[77],"in":[78],"resin.":[80],"observed":[82],"resonances":[85,132],"increased":[90,95],"their":[91],"depth":[92,128],"with":[93],"resin,":[100],"which":[101],"was":[102],"well":[103],"described":[104],"our":[106],"simulation":[107],"taking":[108],"coupling":[110],"radiation":[112],"modes":[113],"into":[114],"account.":[115],"demonstrated":[117],"cure":[122],"estimated":[125],"from":[126],"grating":[131],"phenomenological":[135],"model.":[136],"At":[137],"same":[139],"time,":[140],"temperature":[147],"variations":[148],"internal":[150],"strains":[151],"induced":[154],"These":[157],"factors":[158],"may":[159],"affect":[160],"measurements":[162],"should":[167],"also":[168],"addressed.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T08:04:53.788161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}