{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4398222962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113311","title":"Implementation of Engagement Detection for Human\u2013Robot Interaction in Complex Environments","display_name":"Implementation of Engagement Detection for Human\u2013Robot Interaction in Complex Environments","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4398222962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113311","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113311","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3311/pdf?version=1716379085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3311/pdf?version=1716379085","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101364505","display_name":"Sin-Ru Lu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sin-Ru Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019031605","display_name":"Jia-Hsun Lo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4902-7166"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia-Hsun Lo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4902-7166","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030130885","display_name":"Yi-Tian Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8288-8556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Tian Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8288-8556","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055365456","display_name":"Han\u2010Pang Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-8031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Han-Pang Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055365456"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":7.9544,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97650519,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"3311","last_page":"3311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013robot-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","score":0.5834084749221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.5740092992782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5287294387817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44568079710006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3441741168498993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31591466069221497}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145460709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q859951","display_name":"Human\u2013robot interaction","level":3,"score":0.5834084749221802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5740092992782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5287294387817383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44568079710006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3441741168498993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31591466069221497}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004644","descriptor_name":"Emotions","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008328","descriptor_name":"Man-Machine Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012371","descriptor_name":"Robotics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014584","descriptor_name":"User-Computer Interface","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113311","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3311/pdf?version=1716379085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38894102","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894102","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11174507","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11174507","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11174507/pdf/sensors-24-03311.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4dc38070e5cc4b3f89c0b100fbde078f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4dc38070e5cc4b3f89c0b100fbde078f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 11, p 3311 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113311","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3311/pdf?version=1716379085","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8988770612","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"109-2221-E-002-074-MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4398222962.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W419646410","https://openalex.org/W1530070579","https://openalex.org/W1588457923","https://openalex.org/W2003215225","https://openalex.org/W2004149082","https://openalex.org/W2046742742","https://openalex.org/W2059993653","https://openalex.org/W2345031027","https://openalex.org/W2586241920","https://openalex.org/W2791361798","https://openalex.org/W2793891806","https://openalex.org/W2902473491","https://openalex.org/W2914480677","https://openalex.org/W2963218601","https://openalex.org/W3084173793","https://openalex.org/W3124959264","https://openalex.org/W3158173957","https://openalex.org/W4238025312","https://openalex.org/W4238383335","https://openalex.org/W4241069851","https://openalex.org/W4281639738","https://openalex.org/W4295009090","https://openalex.org/W4295745363","https://openalex.org/W4300960913","https://openalex.org/W4306399934","https://openalex.org/W4308341609","https://openalex.org/W4309552544","https://openalex.org/W4310345419","https://openalex.org/W4311808540","https://openalex.org/W4312071386","https://openalex.org/W4313453017","https://openalex.org/W4313598959","https://openalex.org/W4319924674","https://openalex.org/W4353094171","https://openalex.org/W4382138711","https://openalex.org/W4385217308","https://openalex.org/W4391074186","https://openalex.org/W4391798009","https://openalex.org/W4392811690","https://openalex.org/W6631569693","https://openalex.org/W6845695966","https://openalex.org/W7056325002"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2978665606","https://openalex.org/W4287179229","https://openalex.org/W3205513966","https://openalex.org/W3120459843","https://openalex.org/W4366547574","https://openalex.org/W3200191727","https://openalex.org/W189465620","https://openalex.org/W4366818884","https://openalex.org/W2248308732","https://openalex.org/W4392651289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"develops":[2],"a":[3,124],"comprehensive":[4],"robotic":[5],"system,":[6,11],"termed":[7],"the":[8,18,21,25,35,62,78,100,133],"robot":[9,112],"cognitive":[10],"for":[12,81],"complex":[13],"environments,":[14],"integrating":[15],"three":[16],"models:":[17],"engagement":[19,66],"model,":[20,23,105],"intention":[22,90],"and":[24,37,49,73,95],"human-robot":[26],"interaction":[27,82],"(HRI)":[28],"model.":[29],"The":[30,65,89,103,118],"system":[31],"aims":[32],"to":[33,44,60,76,98,131],"enhance":[34],"naturalness":[36],"comfort":[38],"of":[39],"HRI":[40,104],"by":[41],"enabling":[42],"robots":[43],"detect":[45],"human":[46],"behaviors,":[47],"intentions,":[48],"emotions":[50],"accurately.":[51],"A":[52],"novel":[53],"dual-arm-hand":[54],"mobile":[55],"robot,":[56],"Mobi,":[57],"was":[58,121],"designed":[59],"demonstrate":[61],"system's":[63,119],"efficacy.":[64],"model":[67,91],"utilizes":[68],"eye":[69,86],"gaze,":[70],"head":[71],"pose,":[72],"action":[74],"recognition":[75],"determine":[77],"suitable":[79],"moment":[80],"initiation,":[83],"addressing":[84],"potential":[85,130],"contact":[87],"anxiety.":[88],"employs":[92],"sentiment":[93],"analysis":[94],"emotion":[96],"classification":[97],"infer":[99],"interactor's":[101],"intentions.":[102],"integrated":[106],"with":[107],"Google":[108],"Dialogflow,":[109],"facilitates":[110],"appropriate":[111],"responses":[113],"based":[114],"on":[115],"user":[116,134],"feedback.":[117],"performance":[120],"validated":[122],"in":[123,136],"retail":[125],"environment":[126],"scenario,":[127],"demonstrating":[128],"its":[129],"improve":[132],"experience":[135],"HRIs.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
