{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4398207006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113294","title":"Advancements in Cerebrospinal Fluid Biosensors: Bridging the Gap from Early Diagnosis to the Detection of Rare Diseases","display_name":"Advancements in Cerebrospinal Fluid Biosensors: Bridging the Gap from Early Diagnosis to the Detection of Rare Diseases","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4398207006","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113294","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894085"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113294","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3294/pdf?version=1716358048","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3294/pdf?version=1716358048","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010232555","display_name":"Ghazal Hatami Fard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6315-7254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ghazal Hatami-Fard","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6315-7254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059514490","display_name":"Salzitsa Anastasova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1475-296X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Salzitsa Anastasova-Ivanova","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1475-296X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010232555","https://openalex.org/A5059514490"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":3.1664,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91819505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"11","first_page":"3294","last_page":"3294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13201","display_name":"Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11571","display_name":"Sarcoidosis and Beryllium Toxicity Research","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebrospinal-fluid","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid","score":0.7574992775917053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosensor","display_name":"Biosensor","score":0.6264929175376892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lumbar-puncture","display_name":"Lumbar puncture","score":0.6192900538444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridging","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","score":0.5822087526321411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-diagnosis","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","score":0.5456174612045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrathecal","display_name":"Intrathecal","score":0.5273920893669128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-fluids","display_name":"Biological fluids","score":0.45577502250671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.42983976006507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.4210042655467987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.41486990451812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.4045506417751312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3610001802444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.35342735052108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.1964065432548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.13186287879943848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1220545768737793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779651940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54196","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid","level":2,"score":0.7574992775917053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160756335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669391","display_name":"Biosensor","level":2,"score":0.6264929175376892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780066322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719444","display_name":"Lumbar puncture","level":3,"score":0.6192900538444519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5822087526321411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.5456174612045288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157820659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320251","display_name":"Intrathecal","level":2,"score":0.5273920893669128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020728648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058795","display_name":"Biological fluids","level":2,"score":0.45577502250671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.42983976006507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4210042655467987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.41486990451812744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.4045506417751312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3610001802444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.35342735052108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1964065432548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.13186287879943848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1220545768737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002555","descriptor_name":"Cerebrospinal Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002555","descriptor_name":"Cerebrospinal Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002555","descriptor_name":"Cerebrospinal Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002555","descriptor_name":"Cerebrospinal Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002555","descriptor_name":"Cerebrospinal Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002555","descriptor_name":"Cerebrospinal Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002555","descriptor_name":"Cerebrospinal Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002555","descriptor_name":"Cerebrospinal Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015374","descriptor_name":"Biosensing Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019636","descriptor_name":"Neurodegenerative Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035583","descriptor_name":"Rare Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035583","descriptor_name":"Rare Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035583","descriptor_name":"Rare Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D035583","descriptor_name":"Rare Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D042241","descriptor_name":"Early Diagnosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055664","descriptor_name":"Electrochemical Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055664","descriptor_name":"Electrochemical Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055664","descriptor_name":"Electrochemical Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055664","descriptor_name":"Electrochemical Techniques","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113294","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3294/pdf?version=1716358048","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38894085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38894085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11174891","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11174891","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11174891/pdf/sensors-24-03294.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4be23b09b1764d5aafcd0cdaacbfa333","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4be23b09b1764d5aafcd0cdaacbfa333","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 11, p 3294 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24113294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24113294","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/11/3294/pdf?version=1716358048","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4398207006.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":165,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W97147569","https://openalex.org/W277625174","https://openalex.org/W1084497830","https://openalex.org/W1966608507","https://openalex.org/W1968731447","https://openalex.org/W1978352074","https://openalex.org/W1984576679","https://openalex.org/W1986202754","https://openalex.org/W1990348466","https://openalex.org/W1993726035","https://openalex.org/W1999191464","https://openalex.org/W2000552846","https://openalex.org/W2016964866","https://openalex.org/W2023417029","https://openalex.org/W2035476209","https://openalex.org/W2045032372","https://openalex.org/W2045876147","https://openalex.org/W2047462352","https://openalex.org/W2052072484","https://openalex.org/W2057104805","https://openalex.org/W2058475548","https://openalex.org/W2071638524","https://openalex.org/W2081765246","https://openalex.org/W2085789455","https://openalex.org/W2101906789","https://openalex.org/W2106915852","https://openalex.org/W2107144276","https://openalex.org/W2107582718","https://openalex.org/W2113074743","https://openalex.org/W2114962705","https://openalex.org/W2120406338","https://openalex.org/W2122779544","https://openalex.org/W2133012300","https://openalex.org/W2134584090","https://openalex.org/W2135515253","https://openalex.org/W2136092881","https://openalex.org/W2153028986","https://openalex.org/W2153848288","https://openalex.org/W2156144629","https://openalex.org/W2164796203","https://openalex.org/W2168424095","https://openalex.org/W2175004183","https://openalex.org/W2177069422","https://openalex.org/W2235076125","https://openalex.org/W2238357046","https://openalex.org/W2253155352","https://openalex.org/W2276427456","https://openalex.org/W2285334294","https://openalex.org/W2333863053","https://openalex.org/W2409810907","https://openalex.org/W2469571902","https://openalex.org/W2510809713","https://openalex.org/W2512776420","https://openalex.org/W2522771448","https://openalex.org/W2567669454","https://openalex.org/W2571139564","https://openalex.org/W2586385815","https://openalex.org/W2586768404","https://openalex.org/W2622717738","https://openalex.org/W2732355943","https://openalex.org/W2762616715","https://openalex.org/W2765766970","https://openalex.org/W2766923756","https://openalex.org/W2766961957","https://openalex.org/W2767051226","https://openalex.org/W2774210926","https://openalex.org/W2781776119","https://openalex.org/W2787246109","https://openalex.org/W2789761980","https://openalex.org/W2792813804","https://openalex.org/W2804249835","https://openalex.org/W2806112986","https://openalex.org/W2884561042","https://openalex.org/W2889156144","https://openalex.org/W2889191432","https://openalex.org/W2889566847","https://openalex.org/W2892278721","https://openalex.org/W2897928730","https://openalex.org/W2903722463","https://openalex.org/W2904322717","https://openalex.org/W2904626836","https://openalex.org/W2911738484","https://openalex.org/W2917413602","https://openalex.org/W2940435004","https://openalex.org/W2942228401","https://openalex.org/W2944984172","https://openalex.org/W2954342301","https://openalex.org/W2961171977","https://openalex.org/W2963647706","https://openalex.org/W2964346664","https://openalex.org/W2971263658","https://openalex.org/W2971819072","https://openalex.org/W2972465381","https://openalex.org/W2972771696","https://openalex.org/W2994259598","https://openalex.org/W2997466154","https://openalex.org/W2998419486","https://openalex.org/W2999573361","https://openalex.org/W3001959380","https://openalex.org/W3003542953","https://openalex.org/W3008864960","https://openalex.org/W3009424671","https://openalex.org/W3022644196","https://openalex.org/W3022738324","https://openalex.org/W3023240684","https://openalex.org/W3029074972","https://openalex.org/W3037955587","https://openalex.org/W3042808641","https://openalex.org/W3042943687","https://openalex.org/W3048539725","https://openalex.org/W3049080228","https://openalex.org/W3080936071","https://openalex.org/W3082894672","https://openalex.org/W3086929594","https://openalex.org/W3088312001","https://openalex.org/W3100808243","https://openalex.org/W3101067962","https://openalex.org/W3108111173","https://openalex.org/W3126951392","https://openalex.org/W3128854837","https://openalex.org/W3130490250","https://openalex.org/W3131445273","https://openalex.org/W3132262585","https://openalex.org/W3133525672","https://openalex.org/W3134019142","https://openalex.org/W3134240066","https://openalex.org/W3136276900","https://openalex.org/W3137901703","https://openalex.org/W3145466152","https://openalex.org/W3159919209","https://openalex.org/W3165784391","https://openalex.org/W3193463226","https://openalex.org/W3196177535","https://openalex.org/W3198366221","https://openalex.org/W3200063015","https://openalex.org/W3201054139","https://openalex.org/W3208455920","https://openalex.org/W3209566195","https://openalex.org/W3211520224","https://openalex.org/W3215026995","https://openalex.org/W4200622452","https://openalex.org/W4213032915","https://openalex.org/W4220855632","https://openalex.org/W4224310656","https://openalex.org/W4283801195","https://openalex.org/W4284889151","https://openalex.org/W4289111724","https://openalex.org/W4289842194","https://openalex.org/W4292210558","https://openalex.org/W4306150032","https://openalex.org/W4308348827","https://openalex.org/W4319318392","https://openalex.org/W4321501692","https://openalex.org/W4321790911","https://openalex.org/W4362470478","https://openalex.org/W4386285358","https://openalex.org/W4386509522","https://openalex.org/W4396585812","https://openalex.org/W6676689633","https://openalex.org/W6677207505","https://openalex.org/W6685064970","https://openalex.org/W6777210314","https://openalex.org/W6781769058","https://openalex.org/W6783690586","https://openalex.org/W7008211873"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388870064","https://openalex.org/W2210139803","https://openalex.org/W4235186151","https://openalex.org/W2054685365","https://openalex.org/W2056057048","https://openalex.org/W2667588871","https://openalex.org/W2272354214","https://openalex.org/W2084768720","https://openalex.org/W2043010663","https://openalex.org/W4248308508"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cerebrospinal":[0],"fluid":[1,6],"(CSF)":[2],"is":[3,33,156],"a":[4,27,39,60],"body":[5,114],"that":[7,96],"can":[8,58,120,144],"be":[9,59,121],"used":[10],"for":[11],"the":[12,71,74,108,148,160,166],"diagnosis":[13,151],"of":[14,42,52,76,110,140,152,162,170],"various":[15,126],"diseases.":[16],"However,":[17],"CSF":[18,80],"collection":[19],"requires":[20],"an":[21],"invasive":[22],"and":[23,67,123,128,137,150],"painful":[24,62],"procedure":[25,32],"called":[26],"lumbar":[28],"puncture":[29],"(LP).":[30],"This":[31,87,142],"applied":[34],"to":[35,90,106,131,135,158],"any":[36],"patient":[37],"with":[38],"known":[40,111],"risk":[41],"central":[43],"nervous":[44],"system":[45],"(CNS)":[46],"damage":[47],"or":[48],"neurodegenerative":[49],"disease,":[50],"regardless":[51],"their":[53,132],"age":[54],"range.":[55],"Hence,":[56,154],"this":[57,163],"very":[61],"procedure,":[63],"especially":[64],"in":[65,79,113,125,165],"infants":[66],"elderly":[68],"patients.":[69],"On":[70],"other":[72],"hand,":[73],"detection":[75,109,149],"disease":[77],"biomarkers":[78,112,139],"makes":[81],"diagnoses":[82],"as":[83,85,104,117],"accurate":[84],"possible.":[86],"review":[88],"aims":[89],"explore":[91],"novel":[92],"electrochemical":[93],"biosensing":[94],"platforms":[95],"have":[97,102],"impacted":[98],"biomedical":[99,171],"science.":[100,172],"Biosensors":[101,119],"emerged":[103],"techniques":[105],"accelerate":[107],"fluids":[115],"such":[116],"CSF.":[118,153],"designed":[122],"modified":[124],"ways":[127],"shapes":[129],"according":[130],"ultimate":[133],"applications":[134],"detect":[136],"quantify":[138],"interest.":[141],"process":[143],"also":[145],"significantly":[146],"influence":[147],"it":[155],"important":[157],"understand":[159],"role":[161],"technology":[164],"rapidly":[167],"progressing":[168],"field":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}