{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396855940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24103081","title":"Crystallization-Inspired Design and Modeling of Self-Assembly Lattice-Formation Swarm Robotics","display_name":"Crystallization-Inspired Design and Modeling of Self-Assembly Lattice-Formation Swarm Robotics","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396855940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24103081","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38793934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24103081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24103081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/10/3081/pdf?version=1715509585","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/10/3081/pdf?version=1715509585","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026806553","display_name":"Zebang Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zebang Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029705981","display_name":"Guilin Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1341-9797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guilin Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112862829","display_name":"Hanfeng Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanfeng Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100770656","display_name":"Shan Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9850-3463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101028470","display_name":"Zhao Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029705981"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.9631,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70209981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"10","first_page":"3081","last_page":"3081"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11486","display_name":"Micro and Nano Robotics","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-robotics","display_name":"Swarm robotics","score":0.8206710815429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.639182448387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6363149285316467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6027988791465759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swarm-behaviour","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","score":0.5188525915145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.4820000231266022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47336527705192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4394776523113251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169337768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2446723","display_name":"Swarm robotics","level":3,"score":0.8206710815429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.639182448387146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6363149285316467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6027988791465759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14915018","display_name":"Swarm behaviour","level":2,"score":0.5188525915145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.4820000231266022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47336527705192566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4394776523113251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24103081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24103081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/10/3081/pdf?version=1715509585","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38793934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38793934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11125347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11125347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c63fa74fa73c46e48bf535b45cd9bc2a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c63fa74fa73c46e48bf535b45cd9bc2a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 10, p 3081 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24103081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24103081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/10/3081/pdf?version=1715509585","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2588203316","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11832009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3722699225","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021HBQZYCSB003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6676702030","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11902085","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8264914123","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12172095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396855940.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W650911692","https://openalex.org/W1550964664","https://openalex.org/W1889928840","https://openalex.org/W1969947483","https://openalex.org/W1975679096","https://openalex.org/W1976486181","https://openalex.org/W1978295341","https://openalex.org/W1989028792","https://openalex.org/W2002956917","https://openalex.org/W2010962120","https://openalex.org/W2011995167","https://openalex.org/W2027578884","https://openalex.org/W2030775133","https://openalex.org/W2034424493","https://openalex.org/W2052064204","https://openalex.org/W2057556864","https://openalex.org/W2069507241","https://openalex.org/W2117317528","https://openalex.org/W2118090736","https://openalex.org/W2118331730","https://openalex.org/W2124158836","https://openalex.org/W2126361298","https://openalex.org/W2127826644","https://openalex.org/W2137153348","https://openalex.org/W2139687133","https://openalex.org/W2146086743","https://openalex.org/W2148161525","https://openalex.org/W2149106415","https://openalex.org/W2294959121","https://openalex.org/W2319657801","https://openalex.org/W2326745447","https://openalex.org/W2744475512","https://openalex.org/W2784196298","https://openalex.org/W2790892475","https://openalex.org/W2886810897","https://openalex.org/W2887483141","https://openalex.org/W2943732532","https://openalex.org/W2953537922","https://openalex.org/W3005838681","https://openalex.org/W3010154513","https://openalex.org/W3011682369","https://openalex.org/W3033011941","https://openalex.org/W3041925030","https://openalex.org/W3045892444","https://openalex.org/W3102770509","https://openalex.org/W3125355781","https://openalex.org/W3138665663","https://openalex.org/W3176202740","https://openalex.org/W4233115600","https://openalex.org/W4233220686","https://openalex.org/W4249446031","https://openalex.org/W4297497798","https://openalex.org/W4388774330","https://openalex.org/W6683661610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1871202614","https://openalex.org/W4233987368","https://openalex.org/W1988876749","https://openalex.org/W65954170","https://openalex.org/W2518382144","https://openalex.org/W2350154411","https://openalex.org/W1966857494","https://openalex.org/W2901195353","https://openalex.org/W2590712470","https://openalex.org/W2530004804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Self-assembly":[0],"formation":[1,22,48,143,170],"is":[2,108],"a":[3,45,91,103,123],"key":[4],"research":[5,36],"topic":[6],"for":[7,58],"realizing":[8],"practical":[9],"applications":[10],"in":[11,61,89,155],"swarm":[12],"robotics.":[13],"Due":[14],"to":[15,110],"its":[16],"inherent":[17],"complexity,":[18],"designing":[19],"high-performance":[20],"self-assembly":[21,47,115,142,158,169],"strategies":[23],"and":[24,32,55,78,112,122,125,130,136,148,180],"proposing":[25],"corresponding":[26,104],"macroscopic":[27,92,106],"models":[28],"remain":[29],"formidable":[30],"challenges":[31,83],"present":[33],"an":[34],"open":[35],"frontier.":[37],"Taking":[38],"inspiration":[39],"from":[40],"crystallization,":[41],"this":[42,94],"paper":[43],"introduces":[44,96],"distributed":[46],"strategy":[49,171],"by":[50,85],"defining":[51],"free,":[52],"moving,":[53],"growing,":[54],"solid":[56],"states":[57,63],"robots.":[59],"Robots":[60],"these":[62],"can":[64,172],"spontaneously":[65],"organize":[66],"into":[67],"user-specified":[68],"two-dimensional":[69],"shape":[70],"formations":[71],"with":[72],"lattice":[73],"structures":[74,88],"through":[75],"local":[76],"interactions":[77],"communications.":[79],"To":[80],"address":[81],"the":[82,97,114,118,133,140,152,157,167,175],"posed":[84],"complex":[86],"spatial":[87],"modeling":[90],"model,":[93],"work":[95],"structural":[98],"features":[99],"estimation":[100,120],"method.":[101],"Subsequently,":[102],"non-spatial":[105],"model":[107],"developed":[109],"predict":[111],"analyze":[113],"behavior,":[116],"employing":[117],"proposed":[119,141,168],"method":[121],"stock":[124],"flow":[126],"diagram.":[127],"Real-robot":[128],"experiments":[129],"simulations":[131],"validate":[132],"flexibility,":[134],"scalability,":[135],"high":[137],"efficiency":[138],"of":[139,177],"strategy.":[144],"Moreover,":[145],"extensive":[146],"experimental":[147],"simulation":[149],"results":[150],"demonstrate":[151],"model\u2019s":[153],"accuracy":[154],"predicting":[156],"process":[159],"under":[160],"different":[161],"conditions.":[162],"Model-based":[163],"analysis":[164],"indicates":[165],"that":[166],"fully":[173],"utilize":[174],"performance":[176],"individual":[178],"robots":[179],"exhibits":[181],"strong":[182],"self-stability.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}