{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394755315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082464","title":"Enhancing Aboveground Biomass Prediction through Integration of the SCDR Paradigm into the U-Like Hierarchical Residual Fusion Model","display_name":"Enhancing Aboveground Biomass Prediction through Integration of the SCDR Paradigm into the U-Like Hierarchical Residual Fusion Model","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394755315","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082464","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38676081"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24082464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082464","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/8/2464/pdf?version=1712846799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/8/2464/pdf?version=1712846799","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031123320","display_name":"Ruofan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1985-9897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52180223","display_name":"Hunan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzed356","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruofan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045109525","display_name":"Jialiang Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3781-5513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52180223","display_name":"Hunan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzed356","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jialiang Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077816270","display_name":"Hailin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4192-1620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52180223","display_name":"Hunan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzed356","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hailin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740618","display_name":"Hao Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7422-630X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52180223","display_name":"Hunan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzed356","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101846188","display_name":"Yi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9629-5947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52180223","display_name":"Hunan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzed356","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018283565","display_name":"Ping Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8448-2876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52180223","display_name":"Hunan Agricultural University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dzed356","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ping Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China","College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018283565","https://openalex.org/A5101846188"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52180223"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02496798,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"8","first_page":"2464","last_page":"2464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9660000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6478406190872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6455123424530029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.5979699492454529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.5702201128005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5170744061470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5152661800384521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression","display_name":"Regression","score":0.4391222298145294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.43546727299690247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.42345383763313293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4157705307006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37746450304985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.19704461097717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15306437015533447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08997443318367004}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6478406190872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6455123424530029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.5979699492454529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.5702201128005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5170744061470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5152661800384521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.4391222298145294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.43546727299690247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42345383763313293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4157705307006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37746450304985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19704461097717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15306437015533447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08997443318367004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018533","descriptor_name":"Biomass","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018533","descriptor_name":"Biomass","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018533","descriptor_name":"Biomass","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018533","descriptor_name":"Biomass","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24082464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082464","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/8/2464/pdf?version=1712846799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38676081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38676081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11053485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11053485","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11053485/pdf/sensors-24-02464.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0a8cff5e78d44614983f5fff1dff2bea","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0a8cff5e78d44614983f5fff1dff2bea","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 8, p 2464 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24082464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082464","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/8/2464/pdf?version=1712846799","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394755315.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2063971957","https://openalex.org/W2150489395","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2803657503","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2903422738","https://openalex.org/W2904243378","https://openalex.org/W2913208644","https://openalex.org/W2953328922","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3007045993","https://openalex.org/W3015788359","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3081171346","https://openalex.org/W3117581428","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3157506437","https://openalex.org/W3159407029","https://openalex.org/W3163541793","https://openalex.org/W3164459452","https://openalex.org/W3166716987","https://openalex.org/W3181658859","https://openalex.org/W3184043720","https://openalex.org/W3192393044","https://openalex.org/W3212041653","https://openalex.org/W4200472214","https://openalex.org/W4205660606","https://openalex.org/W4220995060","https://openalex.org/W4223491976","https://openalex.org/W4281634205","https://openalex.org/W4291915046","https://openalex.org/W4292506054","https://openalex.org/W4292553356","https://openalex.org/W4292828594","https://openalex.org/W4293222238","https://openalex.org/W4302305693","https://openalex.org/W4304806877","https://openalex.org/W4308119201","https://openalex.org/W4312303088","https://openalex.org/W4312881242","https://openalex.org/W4321232185","https://openalex.org/W4360598889","https://openalex.org/W4384338821","https://openalex.org/W4386076493","https://openalex.org/W4386076539","https://openalex.org/W4412325326","https://openalex.org/W6682102360","https://openalex.org/W6774314701","https://openalex.org/W6776700526","https://openalex.org/W6790920653","https://openalex.org/W6793164127","https://openalex.org/W6795140394","https://openalex.org/W6795215395"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2560215812","https://openalex.org/W2949601986","https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2788972299","https://openalex.org/W2498789492","https://openalex.org/W2521347458","https://openalex.org/W2729981612","https://openalex.org/W2102148524","https://openalex.org/W2358152617","https://openalex.org/W2411778156"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0,34],"learning":[1,28,226],"methodologies":[2,215],"employed":[3],"for":[4,74],"biomass":[5,70,82,121,221],"prediction":[6,71,222],"often":[7],"neglect":[8],"the":[9,43,51,61,98,103,109,139,156,189,203,210,213,218],"intricate":[10],"relationships":[11,45],"between":[12,46],"labels":[13,49],"and":[14,48,88,94,149,170,191,206],"samples,":[15],"resulting":[16],"in":[17,50,129,216],"suboptimal":[18],"predictive":[19],"performance.":[20],"This":[21,174],"paper":[22],"introduces":[23,178],"an":[24],"advanced":[25],"supervised":[26],"contrastive":[27],"technique,":[29],"termed":[30],"Improved":[31],"Supervised":[32],"Contrastive":[33],"Regression":[35],"(SCDR),":[36],"which":[37,112],"is":[38,106],"adept":[39],"at":[40],"effectively":[41],"capturing":[42],"nuanced":[44],"samples":[47],"feature":[52,79],"space,":[53],"thereby":[54],"mitigating":[55],"this":[56],"limitation.":[57],"Simultaneously,":[58],"we":[59],"propose":[60],"U-like":[62],"Hierarchical":[63],"Residual":[64],"Fusion":[65],"Network":[66],"(BioUMixer),":[67],"a":[68,126,179],"bespoke":[69],"network":[72],"tailored":[73],"image":[75,83],"data.":[76],"BioUMixer":[77],"enhances":[78],"extraction":[80],"from":[81],"data,":[84],"facilitating":[85],"information":[86],"exchange":[87],"fusion":[89],"while":[90],"considering":[91],"both":[92],"global":[93],"local":[95],"features":[96],"within":[97],"images.":[99],"The":[100,123,197],"efficacy":[101],"of":[102,163,194,212,220],"proposed":[104,214],"method":[105],"validated":[107],"on":[108,138,155],"Pepper_Biomass":[110,140],"dataset,":[111,141],"encompasses":[113],"over":[114],"600":[115],"original":[116],"images":[117],"paired":[118],"with":[119,202],"corresponding":[120],"labels.":[122],"results":[124],"demonstrate":[125],"noteworthy":[127],"enhancement":[128],"deep":[130,225],"regression":[131],"tasks,":[132],"as":[133],"evidenced":[134],"by":[135],"performance":[136],"metrics":[137,162],"including":[142],"<i>RMSE</i>":[143,164],"=":[144,147,151,165,168,172],"252.18,":[145],"<i>MAE</i>":[146,167],"201.98,":[148],"<i>MAPE</i>":[150,171],"0.107.":[152],"Additionally,":[153],"assessment":[154],"publicly":[157],"accessible":[158],"GrassClover":[159],"dataset":[160],"yields":[161],"47.92,":[166],"31.74,":[169],"0.192.":[173],"study":[175],"not":[176],"only":[177],"novel":[180],"approach":[181],"but":[182],"also":[183],"provides":[184],"compelling":[185],"empirical":[186],"evidence":[187],"supporting":[188],"digitization":[190],"precision":[192],"improvement":[193],"agricultural":[195],"technology.":[196],"research":[198,207],"outcomes":[199],"align":[200],"closely":[201],"identified":[204],"problem":[205],"statement,":[208],"underscoring":[209],"significance":[211],"advancing":[217],"field":[219],"through":[223],"state-of-the-art":[224],"techniques.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-26T23:08:49.675405","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
