{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394619310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082386","title":"Deep-Reinforcement-Learning-Based Joint Energy Replenishment and Data Collection Scheme for WRSN","display_name":"Deep-Reinforcement-Learning-Based Joint Energy Replenishment and Data Collection Scheme for WRSN","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394619310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082386","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38676003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24082386","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082386","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/8/2386/pdf?version=1712647040","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/8/2386/pdf?version=1712647040","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090926837","display_name":"J.C. Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6188-0941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jishan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan Key Laboratory of Computer Technology Applications, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6188-0941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Computer Technology Applications, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103126786","display_name":"Zhichao Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0588-3731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhichao Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan Key Laboratory of Computer Technology Applications, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0588-3731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Computer Technology Applications, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072804096","display_name":"Yong Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0908-1623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yong Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan Key Laboratory of Computer Technology Applications, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0908-1623","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Computer Technology Applications, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049512581","display_name":"Nianbo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-1889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nianbo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3014-1889","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072804096"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":13.7384,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98177777,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"8","first_page":"2386","last_page":"2386"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9769999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6884281039237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6463401317596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.612541913986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5848672986030579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5401408076286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4918537139892578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4815252423286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing","display_name":"Simulated annealing","score":0.43729284405708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.39102301001548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3456001281738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.31212446093559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21831846237182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1909712851047516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1804535984992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08904588222503662}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6884281039237976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6463401317596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.612541913986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5848672986030579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5401408076286316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4918537139892578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4815252423286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.43729284405708313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.39102301001548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3456001281738281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.31212446093559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21831846237182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1909712851047516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1804535984992981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08904588222503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24082386","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082386","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/8/2386/pdf?version=1712647040","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38676003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38676003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11054166","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11054166","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11054166/pdf/sensors-24-02386.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eee928801c9b4e20a9d652ef2e6c3b0c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eee928801c9b4e20a9d652ef2e6c3b0c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 8, p 2386 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24082386","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082386","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/8/2386/pdf?version=1712647040","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G269261421","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202105AG070010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4222578264","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65e0\u7ebf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u79fb\u52a8\u5145\u7535\u8c03\u5ea6\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62062047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394619310.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981606254","https://openalex.org/W1985705155","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1997712940","https://openalex.org/W2028000181","https://openalex.org/W2043750273","https://openalex.org/W2086236810","https://openalex.org/W2095431629","https://openalex.org/W2106335692","https://openalex.org/W2128153609","https://openalex.org/W2268751503","https://openalex.org/W2462800345","https://openalex.org/W2526827896","https://openalex.org/W2611304039","https://openalex.org/W2780067782","https://openalex.org/W2782607692","https://openalex.org/W2929609312","https://openalex.org/W2963061782","https://openalex.org/W2963576178","https://openalex.org/W2971833977","https://openalex.org/W2991616811","https://openalex.org/W2995497578","https://openalex.org/W3002110744","https://openalex.org/W3021179932","https://openalex.org/W3035330356","https://openalex.org/W3040978956","https://openalex.org/W3046016465","https://openalex.org/W3046047898","https://openalex.org/W3163017159","https://openalex.org/W3163517447","https://openalex.org/W3169114806","https://openalex.org/W3187828410","https://openalex.org/W3191425715","https://openalex.org/W4200349101","https://openalex.org/W4205594222","https://openalex.org/W4206296592","https://openalex.org/W4286249802","https://openalex.org/W4312629384","https://openalex.org/W4312688242","https://openalex.org/W4313034740","https://openalex.org/W4322502682","https://openalex.org/W4323871372","https://openalex.org/W4383899801","https://openalex.org/W4390075399","https://openalex.org/W6736935635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W2031695474","https://openalex.org/W2024136090","https://openalex.org/W2586732548","https://openalex.org/W3049728571","https://openalex.org/W2111773953","https://openalex.org/W2161705627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,9,28,64,77,93,98,125,132,137,143,148,163,176,203,217],"emergence":[2],"of":[3,11,31,67,131,181,209,221],"wireless":[4],"rechargeable":[5],"sensor":[6],"networks":[7],"(WRSNs),":[8],"possibility":[10],"wirelessly":[12],"recharging":[13],"nodes":[14,80,122],"using":[15],"mobile":[16,36],"charging":[17,226],"vehicles":[18,70],"(MCVs)":[19],"has":[20],"become":[21],"a":[22,45,104],"reality.":[23],"However,":[24],"existing":[25],"approaches":[26],"overlook":[27],"effective":[29],"integration":[30],"node":[32,186],"energy":[33,47,127,194],"replenishment":[34,48],"and":[35,49,87,103,128,161,167,191,212,225],"data":[37,50,85],"collection":[38,51,86],"processes.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"paper,":[42],"we":[43],"propose":[44],"joint":[46,179,207],"scheme":[52],"(D-JERDG)":[53],"for":[54],"WRSNs":[55],"based":[56,111,123],"on":[57,63,112,124],"deep":[58,152],"reinforcement":[59],"learning.":[60],"By":[61,174],"capitalizing":[62],"high":[65],"mobility":[66],"unmanned":[68],"aerial":[69],"(UAVs),":[71],"D-JERDG":[72,91,205],"enables":[73],"continuous":[74],"visits":[75],"to":[76,96,159],"cluster":[78,105,120,133],"head":[79,106,121],"in":[81,219],"each":[82],"cluster,":[83],"facilitating":[84],"range-based":[88],"charging.":[89],"First,":[90],"utilizes":[92],"K-means":[94],"algorithm":[95,108,141],"partition":[97],"network":[99],"into":[100],"multiple":[101,182,210],"clusters,":[102],"selection":[107],"is":[109,157,196],"proposed":[110,204],"an":[113],"improved":[114],"dynamic":[115],"routing":[116],"protocol,":[117],"which":[118],"elects":[119],"remaining":[126],"geographical":[129],"location":[130],"member":[134],"nodes.":[135],"Afterward,":[136],"simulated":[138],"annealing":[139],"(SA)":[140],"determines":[142],"shortest":[144],"flight":[145,193],"path.":[146],"Subsequently,":[147],"DRL":[149],"model":[150],"multiobjective":[151],"deterministic":[153],"policy":[154],"gradient":[155],"(MODDPG)":[156],"employed":[158],"control":[160],"optimize":[162],"UAV":[164,171,189],"instantaneous":[165],"heading":[166],"speed,":[168],"effectively":[169],"planning":[170],"hover":[172],"points.":[173],"redesigning":[175],"reward":[177],"function,":[178],"optimization":[180,208],"objectives":[183,211],"such":[184],"as":[185],"death":[187],"rate,":[188],"throughput,":[190,222],"average":[192],"consumption":[195],"achieved.":[197],"Extensive":[198],"simulation":[199],"results":[200],"show":[201],"that":[202],"achieves":[206],"exhibits":[213],"significant":[214],"advantages":[215],"over":[216],"baseline":[218],"terms":[220],"time":[223],"utilization,":[224],"cost,":[227],"among":[228],"other":[229],"indicators.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}