{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4394613407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082381","title":"Multi-Objective Task-Aware Offloading and Scheduling Framework for Internet of Things Logistics","display_name":"Multi-Objective Task-Aware Offloading and Scheduling Framework for Internet of Things Logistics","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4394613407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082381","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38675998"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24082381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082381","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/8/2381/pdf?version=1712643807","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/8/2381/pdf?version=1712643807","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088062812","display_name":"Asif Umer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1843-0821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263208278","display_name":"Hazara University","ror":"https://ror.org/018y22094","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Asif Umer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21130, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1843-0821","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21130, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054404553","display_name":"Mushtaq Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3697-9498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263208278","display_name":"Hazara University","ror":"https://ror.org/018y22094","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mushtaq Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21130, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21130, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006118771","display_name":"Ali Imran Jehangiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5920-433X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I263208278","display_name":"Hazara University","ror":"https://ror.org/018y22094","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Imran Jehangiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21130, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Information Technology, Hazara University, Mansehra 21130, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043302955","display_name":"Muhammad Bilal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-0877"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Bilal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg LA1 4YW, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4221-0877","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Bailrigg LA1 4YW, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005864005","display_name":"Junaid Shuja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0726-5311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203899302","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junaid Shuja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203899302"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054404553","https://openalex.org/A5088062812"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I263208278"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":2.8181,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90616751,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"8","first_page":"2381","last_page":"2381"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.982699990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.958299994468689,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.7028082013130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.654771625995636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5844296216964722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5309333801269531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.45461544394493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3758518695831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3657758831977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3039175868034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3026381731033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17906492948532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.17027747631072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-management","display_name":"Operations management","score":0.08972746133804321}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.7028082013130188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.654771625995636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5844296216964722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5309333801269531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.45461544394493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3758518695831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3657758831977844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3039175868034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3026381731033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17906492948532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.17027747631072998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.08972746133804321}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24082381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082381","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/8/2381/pdf?version=1712643807","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38675998","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38675998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11054485","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11054485","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11054485/pdf/sensors-24-02381.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9cc712a144aa4a439424bee10e2bca46","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9cc712a144aa4a439424bee10e2bca46","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 8, p 2381 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:218401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/218401/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24082381","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24082381","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/8/2381/pdf?version=1712643807","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4947491115","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"015LA0-050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323380","funder_display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322528","display_name":"Sexually Transmitted Infection Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03hw5nc12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323380","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Petronas","ror":"https://ror.org/048g2sh07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4394613407.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021623620","https://openalex.org/W2120958100","https://openalex.org/W2324704545","https://openalex.org/W2770373332","https://openalex.org/W2894786170","https://openalex.org/W2962969396","https://openalex.org/W2981013979","https://openalex.org/W3008403241","https://openalex.org/W3019570724","https://openalex.org/W3025034794","https://openalex.org/W3083869687","https://openalex.org/W3095374925","https://openalex.org/W3097804330","https://openalex.org/W3113578692","https://openalex.org/W3113939440","https://openalex.org/W3115985349","https://openalex.org/W3118418149","https://openalex.org/W3133505846","https://openalex.org/W3155081810","https://openalex.org/W3199069499","https://openalex.org/W4206044098","https://openalex.org/W4206573673","https://openalex.org/W4282917351","https://openalex.org/W4290047857","https://openalex.org/W4308460195","https://openalex.org/W4313219439","https://openalex.org/W4313887720","https://openalex.org/W4360999341","https://openalex.org/W4365149444","https://openalex.org/W4371766212","https://openalex.org/W4376849318","https://openalex.org/W4377224812","https://openalex.org/W4381053807","https://openalex.org/W4381387853","https://openalex.org/W4383218823","https://openalex.org/W4385455576","https://openalex.org/W4387052781","https://openalex.org/W4390569058","https://openalex.org/W4391427526","https://openalex.org/W6777029737","https://openalex.org/W6850961029","https://openalex.org/W6852355473","https://openalex.org/W6852437762"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W2625093826","https://openalex.org/W2950174689","https://openalex.org/W4200598720","https://openalex.org/W2921026492","https://openalex.org/W4247463117","https://openalex.org/W4361251261","https://openalex.org/W3031181660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"IoT-based":[0],"smart":[1],"transportation":[2],"monitors":[3],"vehicles,":[4],"cargo,":[5],"and":[6,32,45,55,72,93,108,115,130,157,172,187,240,269,282,295],"driver":[7],"statuses":[8],"for":[9,48,67,96,125,154,198],"safe":[10],"movement.":[11],"Due":[12],"to":[13,28,51,120,148,191,214,226,252,256,291],"the":[14,19,21,85,104,117,121,143,150,162,176,180,184,188,193,219,234,238,246,250,258],"limited":[15],"computational":[16],"capabilities":[17],"of":[18],"sensors,":[20],"IoT":[22,49,68,97,194],"devices":[23,50],"require":[24],"powerful":[25],"remote":[26],"servers":[27],"execute":[29],"their":[30],"tasks,":[31,239],"this":[33],"phenomenon":[34],"is":[35,224,265],"called":[36],"task":[37,43,71,76,155,228,232,259,286],"offloading.":[38],"Researchers":[39],"have":[40],"developed":[41],"efficient":[42],"offloading":[44],"scheduling":[46],"mechanisms":[47],"reduce":[52,257],"energy":[53,280],"consumption":[54],"response":[56,275],"time.":[57],"However,":[58],"most":[59],"research":[60],"has":[61],"not":[62],"considered":[63],"fault-tolerance-based":[64],"job":[65],"allocation":[66,156],"logistics":[69],"trucks,":[70],"data-aware":[73],"scheduling,":[74],"priority-based":[75,113],"offloading,":[77],"or":[78],"multiple-parameter-based":[79],"fog":[80,129,151,163,189,208,243,254],"node":[81,168,190,244,255],"selection.":[82],"To":[83],"overcome":[84],"limitations,":[86],"we":[87],"proposed":[88,101,235,247,263],"a":[89,112,138,271],"Multi-Objective":[90],"Task-Aware":[91,122,134],"Offloading":[92],"Scheduling":[94],"Framework":[95],"Logistics":[98],"(MT-OSF).":[99],"The":[100,133,159,262],"model":[102,264],"prioritizes":[103],"tasks":[105,110,195,205,213,251],"into":[106],"delay-sensitive":[107,204],"computation-intensive":[109,212],"using":[111,218],"offloader":[114],"forwards":[116],"two":[118],"lists":[119],"Scheduler":[123,135],"(TAS)":[124,136],"further":[126],"processing":[127],"on":[128,167,206],"cloud":[131,215],"nodes.":[132],"uses":[137],"multi-criterion":[139],"decision-making":[140],"process,":[141],"i.e.,":[142],"analytical":[144],"hierarchy":[145],"process":[146],"(AHP),":[147],"calculate":[149],"nodes'":[152,164],"priority":[153,165],"scheduling.":[158],"AHP":[160],"decides":[161],"based":[166],"energy,":[169],"bandwidth,":[170],"RAM,":[171],"MIPS":[173],"power.":[174],"Similarly,":[175],"TAS":[177],"also":[178],"calculates":[179],"shortest":[181],"distance":[182],"between":[183],"IoT-enabled":[185],"vehicle":[186],"which":[192],"are":[196],"assigned":[197],"execution.":[199],"A":[200],"task-aware":[201],"scheduler":[202],"schedules":[203],"nearby":[207],"nodes":[209],"while":[210],"allocating":[211],"data":[216],"centers":[217],"FCFS":[220],"algorithm.":[221],"Fault-tolerant":[222],"manager":[223],"used":[225],"check":[227],"failure;":[229],"if":[230,241],"any":[231,242],"fails,":[233,245],"system":[236,248],"re-executes":[237],"allocates":[249],"another":[253],"failure":[260,287],"ratio.":[261],"simulated":[266],"in":[267,274,279,285,289],"iFogSim2":[268],"demonstrates":[270],"7%":[272],"reduction":[273,278,284],"time,":[276],"16%":[277],"consumption,":[281],"22%":[283],"ratio":[288],"comparison":[290],"Ant":[292],"Colony":[293],"Optimization":[294],"Round":[296],"Robin.":[297]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
