{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393356539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072244","title":"DFSNet: A 3D Point Cloud Segmentation Network toward Trees Detection in an Orchard Scene","display_name":"DFSNet: A 3D Point Cloud Segmentation Network toward Trees Detection in an Orchard Scene","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393356539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072244","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38610455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24072244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072244","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2244/pdf?version=1711876238","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2244/pdf?version=1711876238","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102637662","display_name":"Xinrong Bu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinrong Bu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100362891","display_name":"Chao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7363-1987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100387577","display_name":"Hui Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-7378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4282-7378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100723587","display_name":"Guanxue Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7714-4262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanxue Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006226919","display_name":"Yue Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8790-8027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101537375","display_name":"Jie Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7421-6785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100387577"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.9884,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70612308,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"7","first_page":"2244","last_page":"2244"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11796","display_name":"Horticultural and Viticultural Research","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7891921401023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7445244789123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7308241128921509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6753774881362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchard","display_name":"Orchard","score":0.5371331572532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.46033984422683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43223142623901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4183615446090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39866361021995544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3525204062461853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7891921401023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7445244789123535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7308241128921509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6753774881362915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780753983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236371","display_name":"Orchard","level":2,"score":0.5371331572532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.46033984422683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43223142623901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4183615446090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39866361021995544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3525204062461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24072244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072244","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2244/pdf?version=1711876238","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38610455","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38610455","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11013992","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11013992","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11013992/pdf/sensors-24-02244.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:65b2cc70ae36470eade78cb30cec7084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/65b2cc70ae36470eade78cb30cec7084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 7, p 2244 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24072244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072244","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2244/pdf?version=1711876238","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3920473450","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32171908","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393356539.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2624503621","https://openalex.org/W2922623026","https://openalex.org/W2950642167","https://openalex.org/W2953823434","https://openalex.org/W2960986959","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963281829","https://openalex.org/W2963312728","https://openalex.org/W2979750740","https://openalex.org/W3035462365","https://openalex.org/W3113125552","https://openalex.org/W3116489684","https://openalex.org/W3135367836","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3195894772","https://openalex.org/W3200060357","https://openalex.org/W4205569741","https://openalex.org/W4206268807","https://openalex.org/W4221010126","https://openalex.org/W4285082196","https://openalex.org/W4297998231","https://openalex.org/W4303684428","https://openalex.org/W4313405145","https://openalex.org/W4317931745","https://openalex.org/W4386075758","https://openalex.org/W4386083131","https://openalex.org/W4386220684","https://openalex.org/W4391508368","https://openalex.org/W6747904511","https://openalex.org/W6760686177"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357290554","https://openalex.org/W2334468155","https://openalex.org/W4399442168","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W2114282491","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,7,196],"guide":[3],"orchard":[4,12,109,181],"management":[5,198],"robots":[6],"realize":[8],"some":[9],"tasks":[10],"in":[11],"production":[13],"such":[14,129],"as":[15,130],"autonomic":[16],"navigation":[17],"and":[18,42,59,82,117,135,146,149,161,185],"precision":[19],"spraying,":[20],"this":[21],"research":[22],"proposed":[23,174],"a":[24,36,43,79],"deep-learning":[25],"network":[26,31,34],"called":[27],"dynamic":[28,44],"fusion":[29,45,69],"segmentation":[30,46,70,98,127,191],"(DFSNet).":[32],"The":[33,48,68,173],"contains":[35],"local":[37,62],"feature":[38],"aggregation":[39],"(LFA)":[40],"layer":[41,50],"architecture.":[47],"LFA":[49],"uses":[51],"the":[52,65,83,89,94,101,106,153,165,197],"positional":[53],"encoders":[54],"for":[55],"initial":[56],"transforming":[57],"embedding,":[58],"progressively":[60],"aggregates":[61],"patterns":[63],"via":[64],"multi-stage":[66],"hierarchy.":[67],"module":[71],"(Fus-Seg)":[72],"can":[73,86,176],"format":[74],"point":[75,90,183,189],"tags":[76,85],"by":[77,142,156],"learning":[78],"multi-embedding":[80],"space,":[81],"generated":[84],"further":[87],"mine":[88],"cloud":[91,190],"features.":[92],"At":[93],"experimental":[95],"stage,":[96],"significant":[97],"results":[99],"of":[100,108,115,121,199],"DFSNet":[102,123,175],"were":[103],"demonstrated":[104],"on":[105,164],"dataset":[107,167,169],"fields,":[110],"achieving":[111],"an":[112,118],"accuracy":[113],"rate":[114,120],"89.43%":[116],"mIoU":[119],"74.05%.":[122],"outperforms":[124],"other":[125],"semantic":[126],"networks,":[128],"PointNet,":[131],"PointNet++,":[132],"D-PointNet++,":[133],"DGCNN,":[134],"Point-NN,":[136],"with":[137],"improved":[138,150],"accuracies":[139],"over":[140,152],"them":[141],"11.73%,":[143],"3.76%,":[144],"2.36%,":[145],"2.74%,":[147],"respectively,":[148,163],"mIoUs":[151],"these":[154],"networks":[155],"28.19%,":[157],"9.89%,":[158],"6.33%,":[159],"9.89,":[160],"24.69%,":[162],"all-scale":[166],"(simple-scale":[168],"+":[170],"complex-scale":[171],"dataset).":[172],"capture":[177],"more":[178,187],"information":[179],"from":[180],"scene":[182],"clouds":[184],"provide":[186],"accurate":[188],"results,":[192],"which":[193],"are":[194],"beneficial":[195],"orchards.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}