{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393356531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072210","title":"Research on Fault Detection by Flow Sequence for Industrial Internet of Things in Sewage Treatment Plant Case","display_name":"Research on Fault Detection by Flow Sequence for Industrial Internet of Things in Sewage Treatment Plant Case","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393356531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072210","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38610421"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24072210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072210","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2210/pdf?version=1711722885","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2210/pdf?version=1711722885","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114135545","display_name":"Dongfeng Lei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099405","display_name":"Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2j2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongfeng Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710055, China","College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101906988","display_name":"Liang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5565-2047"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099405","display_name":"Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2j2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710055, China","College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041914860","display_name":"Dengfeng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6942-6438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099405","display_name":"Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2j2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dengfeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710055, China","College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi\u2019an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi\u2019an 710055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Control Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041914860"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.2153,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40830769,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"7","first_page":"2210","last_page":"2210"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsequence","display_name":"Subsequence","score":0.6142086982727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-time-warping","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","score":0.6125289797782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5929474234580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.5757263898849487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5586928725242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.5205198526382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4319077730178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4118492007255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3904622197151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3842523992061615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.38242363929748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32839879393577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.09729987382888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09199729561805725}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137877099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332977","display_name":"Subsequence","level":3,"score":0.6142086982727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88516994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268863","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","level":2,"score":0.6125289797782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5929474234580994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.5757263898849487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5586928725242615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5205198526382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4319077730178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4118492007255554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3904622197151184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3842523992061615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.38242363929748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32839879393577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.09729987382888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09199729561805725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24072210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072210","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2210/pdf?version=1711722885","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38610421","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38610421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11014330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11014330","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11014330/pdf/sensors-24-02210.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ec7d06899b224ddab0daf98c08b56a84","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ec7d06899b224ddab0daf98c08b56a84","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 7, p 2210 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24072210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072210","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2210/pdf?version=1711722885","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3433299669","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22JC043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325627","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325627","display_name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393356531.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141536962","https://openalex.org/W2166547175","https://openalex.org/W2551393996","https://openalex.org/W2555077524","https://openalex.org/W2786161686","https://openalex.org/W2892035503","https://openalex.org/W2996110062","https://openalex.org/W3012219987","https://openalex.org/W3028069824","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3080921724","https://openalex.org/W3128204003","https://openalex.org/W3217748719","https://openalex.org/W4205788220","https://openalex.org/W4223641107","https://openalex.org/W4284959954","https://openalex.org/W4306965903","https://openalex.org/W4310649787","https://openalex.org/W4311351175","https://openalex.org/W4313259691","https://openalex.org/W4316039086","https://openalex.org/W4317816547","https://openalex.org/W4361295914","https://openalex.org/W4367055496","https://openalex.org/W4381325293","https://openalex.org/W4385704043","https://openalex.org/W4386168374","https://openalex.org/W4386171971","https://openalex.org/W4386836946","https://openalex.org/W4387933471","https://openalex.org/W4389270398","https://openalex.org/W4389280395","https://openalex.org/W4390141382","https://openalex.org/W4390886362","https://openalex.org/W4391116270","https://openalex.org/W4391888224","https://openalex.org/W6846963908","https://openalex.org/W6860608196"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2554075302","https://openalex.org/W2407016153","https://openalex.org/W2401021740","https://openalex.org/W1964543066","https://openalex.org/W4288621574","https://openalex.org/W1878264211","https://openalex.org/W1591808084","https://openalex.org/W2912005565","https://openalex.org/W2810872865","https://openalex.org/W2470694417"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Classifying":[0],"the":[1,15,38,69,80,100,104,109,115,126,131,135,143,154,157,171,174,181,191,198],"flow":[2,101],"subsequences":[3],"of":[4,18,71,82,103,147,156,173],"sensor":[5,46],"networks":[6],"is":[7,167],"an":[8],"effective":[9],"way":[10],"for":[11,194,197],"fault":[12,22,56,65,137,195],"detection":[13,23,57,66,196],"in":[14,108],"Industrial":[16],"Internet":[17],"Things":[19],"(IIoT).":[20],"Traditional":[21],"algorithms":[24],"identify":[25],"exceptions":[26],"by":[27,58,75,129],"a":[28,64,91,148],"single":[29],"abnormal":[30,60],"dataset":[31],"and":[32,49,79,112,180],"do":[33],"not":[34],"pay":[35],"attention":[36],"to":[37,98],"factors":[39],"such":[40],"as":[41],"electromagnetic":[42],"interference,":[43],"network":[44,92,106],"delay,":[45,48],"sample":[47],"so":[50],"on.":[51],"This":[52],"paper":[53],"focuses":[54],"on":[55,95],"continuous":[59],"points.":[61],"We":[62],"proposed":[63,188],"algorithm":[67,159,179,189],"within":[68],"module":[70,81,93],"sequence":[72,85,102,128,133],"state":[73],"generated":[74],"unsupervised":[76,96],"learning":[77,97],"(SSGBUL)":[78],"integrated":[83,121,127,132],"encoding":[84,136],"classification":[86,192],"(IESC).":[87],"Firstly,":[88],"we":[89,124],"built":[90],"based":[94],"encode":[99],"different":[105],"cards":[107],"IIoT":[110,145],"gateway,":[111],"then":[113],"combined":[114],"multiple":[116],"code":[117],"sequences":[118],"into":[119],"one":[120],"sequence.":[122],"Next,":[123],"classified":[125],"comparing":[130],"with":[134,162],"type.":[138],"The":[139,187],"results":[140],"obtained":[141],"from":[142],"three":[144],"datasets":[146],"sewage":[149],"treatment":[150],"plant":[151],"show":[152],"that":[153],"accuracy":[155],"SSGBUL-IESC":[158],"exceeds":[160],"90%":[161],"subsequence":[163],"length":[164],"10,":[165],"which":[166],"significantly":[168],"higher":[169],"than":[170],"accuracies":[172],"dynamic":[175],"time":[176,182],"warping":[177],"(DTW)":[178],"series":[183],"forest":[184],"(TSF)":[185],"algorithm.":[186],"reaches":[190],"requirements":[193],"IIoT.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
