{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393218575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072153","title":"Sybil Attacks Detection and Traceability Mechanism Based on Beacon Packets in Connected Automobile Vehicles","display_name":"Sybil Attacks Detection and Traceability Mechanism Based on Beacon Packets in Connected Automobile Vehicles","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393218575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072153","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38610364"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24072153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072153","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2153/pdf?version=1711551842","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2153/pdf?version=1711551842","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054120449","display_name":"Yaling Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2208-2959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaling Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114348261","display_name":"Jia Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7587-877X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113204189","display_name":"Fangchen Weng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangchen Weng","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100934325","display_name":"Dan Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4639-1302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048531636","display_name":"Yiyu Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108629","display_name":"Computer Network Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01s0wyf50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Computer Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China","The School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Computer Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100634702","display_name":"Xiaoqi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6012-9178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100401884","display_name":"Yuqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8306-7195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108629","display_name":"Computer Network Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01s0wyf50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The National Computer Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China","The School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The National Computer Intrusion Protection Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108629","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100401884"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203","https://openalex.org/I4210108629","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.9342,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9120606,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"7","first_page":"2153","last_page":"2153"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sybil-attack","display_name":"Sybil attack","score":0.7305178642272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.7265194058418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6108010411262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5440754890441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcasting","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","score":0.5200483798980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.498079776763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.44107693433761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.3572138249874115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.34257885813713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.27474838495254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.26216429471969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12837523221969604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777505653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4470796","display_name":"Sybil attack","level":3,"score":0.7305178642272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.7265194058418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6108010411262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5440754890441895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5200483798980713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.498079776763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.44107693433761597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.3572138249874115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.34257885813713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.27474838495254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.26216429471969604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12837523221969604}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24072153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072153","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2153/pdf?version=1711551842","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38610364","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38610364","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11014042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11014042","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11014042/pdf/sensors-24-02153.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:576876225f754b6282dcd47684099036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/576876225f754b6282dcd47684099036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 7, p 2153 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24072153","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072153","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/7/2153/pdf?version=1711551842","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2011081604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1836210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4009049029","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Startup","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323370","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393218575.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025458833","https://openalex.org/W2062789233","https://openalex.org/W2738432838","https://openalex.org/W2909485178","https://openalex.org/W2980580538","https://openalex.org/W2988991102","https://openalex.org/W2997804494","https://openalex.org/W3009948481","https://openalex.org/W3013999909","https://openalex.org/W3015140201","https://openalex.org/W3017695547","https://openalex.org/W3036105308","https://openalex.org/W3041519060","https://openalex.org/W3047382288","https://openalex.org/W3092245356","https://openalex.org/W3095647801","https://openalex.org/W3096734389","https://openalex.org/W3107051568","https://openalex.org/W3133185215","https://openalex.org/W3209119311","https://openalex.org/W4283320079","https://openalex.org/W4288048249","https://openalex.org/W4293258827","https://openalex.org/W4312921393","https://openalex.org/W4313892679","https://openalex.org/W4315884171","https://openalex.org/W4318822872","https://openalex.org/W4319166496","https://openalex.org/W4320004351","https://openalex.org/W4362519986","https://openalex.org/W4384080252","https://openalex.org/W4384284311","https://openalex.org/W4385603076","https://openalex.org/W4386065456","https://openalex.org/W4386415974","https://openalex.org/W4386896216","https://openalex.org/W4389776525","https://openalex.org/W4390235746","https://openalex.org/W4390467894","https://openalex.org/W4391216550","https://openalex.org/W6630973029","https://openalex.org/W6772728137","https://openalex.org/W6781466726"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313315774","https://openalex.org/W4318822872","https://openalex.org/W2027636740","https://openalex.org/W2573790339","https://openalex.org/W2034329307","https://openalex.org/W4380886145","https://openalex.org/W2062688728","https://openalex.org/W3133185215","https://openalex.org/W2061231656","https://openalex.org/W3046260513"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Connected":[0],"Automobile":[1],"Vehicles":[2],"(CAVs)":[3],"enable":[4],"cooperative":[5],"driving":[6],"and":[7,16,19,31,41,113,140,183,198,205,210],"traffic":[8,12],"management":[9],"by":[10,27,87,127,137,164],"sharing":[11,32],"information":[13,35],"between":[14,145],"them":[15],"other":[17],"vehicles":[18,23,26,86,107,147,171,182],"infrastructures.":[20],"However,":[21],"malicious":[22,63,85,185],"create":[24],"Sybil":[25,49,57,72,181,201,223],"forging":[28],"multiple":[29],"identities":[30],"false":[33],"location":[34],"with":[36,203],"CAVs,":[37],"misleading":[38],"their":[39],"decisions":[40],"behaviors.":[42],"The":[43,187],"existing":[44,217],"work":[45],"on":[46,55,79,95,149],"defending":[47],"against":[48],"attacks":[50,224],"has":[51],"almost":[52],"exclusively":[53],"focused":[54],"detecting":[56],"vehicles,":[58,202],"ignoring":[59],"the":[60,81,101,120,132,138,146,150,155,159,166,173,178,195,214,226],"traceability":[61],"of":[62,84,170,180,200,208,216],"vehicles.":[64,186],"As":[65],"a":[66,89,142],"result,":[67],"they":[68],"cannot":[69],"fundamentally":[70],"alleviate":[71],"attacks.":[73],"In":[74],"this":[75],"work,":[76],"we":[77],"focus":[78],"tracking":[80,199],"attack":[82],"source":[83],"using":[88],"novel":[90],"detection":[91,179,197,218],"mechanism":[92],"that":[93,191],"relies":[94],"vehicle":[96,121,139],"broadcast":[97],"beacon":[98,133,156],"packets.":[99,157],"Firstly,":[100],"roadside":[102],"units":[103],"(RSUs)":[104],"randomly":[105],"instruct":[106],"to":[108,122,136,221],"perform":[109],"customized":[110,151],"key":[111],"broadcasting":[112],"listening":[114],"within":[115],"communication":[116],"range.":[117],"This":[118],"allows":[119],"prove":[123],"its":[124],"physical":[125],"presence":[126],"broadcasting.":[128],"Then,":[129],"RSU":[130],"analyzes":[131],"packets":[134],"listened":[135],"constructs":[141],"neighbor":[143,174],"graph":[144],"based":[148],"particular":[152],"fields":[153],"in":[154,172],"Finally,":[158],"vehicle's":[160],"credibility":[161],"is":[162],"determined":[163],"calculating":[165],"edge":[167],"success":[168],"probability":[169],"graph,":[175],"ultimately":[176],"achieving":[177],"tracing":[184],"experimental":[188],"results":[189],"demonstrate":[190],"our":[192],"scheme":[193],"achieves":[194],"real-time":[196],"precision":[204],"recall":[206],"rates":[207],"98.53%":[209],"95.93%,":[211],"respectively,":[212],"solving":[213],"challenge":[215],"schemes":[219],"failing":[220],"combat":[222],"from":[225],"root.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}