{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393040086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24062005","title":"Edge-Triggered Three-Dimensional Object Detection Using a LiDAR Ring","display_name":"Edge-Triggered Three-Dimensional Object Detection Using a LiDAR Ring","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393040086","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24062005","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38544267"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24062005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24062005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/2005/pdf?version=1711018146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/2005/pdf?version=1711018146","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029855951","display_name":"Eun\u2010Ji Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7448-5026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eunji Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043183064","display_name":"Seyoung Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5397-6152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyoung Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078050910","display_name":"Sung\u2010Ho Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3665-2564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Ho Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078050910"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.396,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85814205,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"6","first_page":"2005","last_page":"2005"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8393254280090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.6000146269798279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","score":0.5989122986793518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5471925735473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.49475568532943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.48759856820106506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47441479563713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4556080400943756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.452716201543808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-detection","display_name":"Edge detection","score":0.41773441433906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3343956470489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.3110046982765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.15062609314918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.10435351729393005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8393254280090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.6000146269798279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351438","display_name":"Ring (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5989122986793518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5471925735473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.49475568532943726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.48759856820106506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47441479563713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4556080400943756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.452716201543808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.41773441433906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3343956470489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.3110046982765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.15062609314918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.10435351729393005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24062005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24062005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/2005/pdf?version=1711018146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38544267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38544267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10974441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10974441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa479cb4f28f44ccaa94b391c71da866","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa479cb4f28f44ccaa94b391c71da866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 6, p 2005 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/24/6/2005/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24062005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24062005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24062005","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/2005/pdf?version=1711018146","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3714401423","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20013794","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4242642761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P0017033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322064","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8582691448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOTIE, Korea","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G889103765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOTIE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322064","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G992484961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Korea","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322064","display_name":"Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/015w1qa96"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393040086.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4393040086.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1851816148","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2089468765","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2963727135","https://openalex.org/W2965803762","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W2995932445","https://openalex.org/W3035172746","https://openalex.org/W3040741167","https://openalex.org/W3046378897","https://openalex.org/W3132230031","https://openalex.org/W3166089996","https://openalex.org/W3196904463","https://openalex.org/W4288054910","https://openalex.org/W4290991745","https://openalex.org/W4311728943","https://openalex.org/W4312414163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2315652488","https://openalex.org/W2028037572","https://openalex.org/W2039365229","https://openalex.org/W65623452","https://openalex.org/W2145843506","https://openalex.org/W4293054829","https://openalex.org/W2056407677","https://openalex.org/W2128085731","https://openalex.org/W2551441443","https://openalex.org/W2388577840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"driving":[1,147,151],"recognition":[2,87],"technology":[3],"that":[4,120],"can":[5],"quickly":[6],"and":[7,32,39,55,73,83,102,112,116,149],"accurately":[8],"recognize":[9],"even":[10],"small":[11],"objects":[12,134],"must":[13],"be":[14],"developed":[15],"in":[16,143],"high-speed":[17],"situations.":[18],"This":[19],"study":[20],"proposes":[21],"an":[22],"object":[23,56,92],"point":[24],"extraction":[25],"method":[26],"using":[27,81,110],"rule-based":[28],"LiDAR":[29],"ring":[30,43,71],"data":[31],"edge":[33],"triggers":[34],"to":[35,51,85,126],"increase":[36],"both":[37,121],"speed":[38],"performance.":[40],"The":[41],"LiDAR's":[42],"information":[44],"is":[45],"interpreted":[46],"as":[47],"a":[48],"digital":[49],"pulse":[50],"remove":[52],"the":[53,65,70,90,96,100],"ground,":[54],"points":[57,104],"are":[58],"extracted":[59,91],"by":[60],"detecting":[61],"discontinuous":[62],"edges":[63],"of":[64,95,98,133],"z":[66],"value":[67],"aligned":[68],"with":[69],"ID":[72],"azimuth.":[74],"A":[75],"bounding":[76,131],"box":[77],"was":[78,108,118],"simply":[79],"created":[80],"DBSCAN":[82],"PCA":[84],"check":[86],"performance":[88,140],"from":[89],"points.":[93],"Verification":[94],"results":[97],"removing":[99],"ground":[101],"extracting":[103,130],"through":[105],"Ring":[106],"Edge":[107],"conducted":[109],"SemanticKITTI":[111],"Waymo":[113],"Open":[114],"Dataset,":[115],"it":[117],"confirmed":[119],"F1":[122],"scores":[123],"were":[124],"superior":[125],"RANSAC.":[127],"In":[128],"addition,":[129],"boxes":[132],"also":[135],"showed":[136],"higher":[137],"PDR":[138],"index":[139],"when":[141],"verified":[142],"open":[144],"datasets,":[145],"virtual":[146],"environments,":[148],"actual":[150],"environments.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
