{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392986450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061983","title":"A 5G NR FR2 Beamforming System with Integrated Transceiver Module","display_name":"A 5G NR FR2 Beamforming System with Integrated Transceiver Module","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392986450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061983","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38544245"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061983","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061983","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1983/pdf?version=1711011655","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1983/pdf?version=1711011655","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010200323","display_name":"Ayush Bhatta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9893-2150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161024014","display_name":"Kwangwoon University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e9zc863","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayush Bhatta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9893-2150","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094200052","display_name":"Md Kamrojjaman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161024014","display_name":"Kwangwoon University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e9zc863","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Kamrojjaman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023073049","display_name":"Sanghoon Sim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2431-4687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanghoon Sim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101846450","display_name":"Jeong\u2010Geun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7463-7635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161024014","display_name":"Kwangwoon University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e9zc863","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeong-Geun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101846450"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.1822,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4480048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"6","first_page":"1983","last_page":"1983"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8762931227684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.7440242171287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.6421796083450317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5430852770805359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.5413789749145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.5091907382011414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wsdma","display_name":"WSDMA","score":0.5085796117782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4495580792427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.41950488090515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.4155365824699402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3815402090549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36663714051246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2741760015487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.22179579734802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.1662646234035492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.09762713313102722}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8762931227684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.7440242171287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.6421796083450317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5430852770805359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.5413789749145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.5091907382011414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57466844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7955559","display_name":"WSDMA","level":5,"score":0.5085796117782593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4495580792427063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.41950488090515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.4155365824699402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3815402090549469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36663714051246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2741760015487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.22179579734802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.1662646234035492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.09762713313102722}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061983","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061983","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1983/pdf?version=1711011655","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38544245","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38544245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10975444","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10975444","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:53eb97755d904adbbf996633167df39b","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/53eb97755d904adbbf996633167df39b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 6, p 1983 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/24/6/1983/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24061983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061983","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061983","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1983/pdf?version=1711011655","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1124317316","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018-0-01663","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321374","display_name":"Kwangwoon University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e9zc863"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392986450.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046430535","https://openalex.org/W2102112553","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2624494617","https://openalex.org/W2770880660","https://openalex.org/W2790457714","https://openalex.org/W2790986675","https://openalex.org/W2793607050","https://openalex.org/W2798864485","https://openalex.org/W2802275715","https://openalex.org/W2802405741","https://openalex.org/W2895866074","https://openalex.org/W2901445838","https://openalex.org/W2921230105","https://openalex.org/W2922196175","https://openalex.org/W2950766104","https://openalex.org/W3089700184","https://openalex.org/W3209307302","https://openalex.org/W4225699301","https://openalex.org/W4293153935","https://openalex.org/W4294310990","https://openalex.org/W4312688320","https://openalex.org/W4313033386","https://openalex.org/W4383069170","https://openalex.org/W4388096192","https://openalex.org/W4388623317"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2780252087","https://openalex.org/W2890273742","https://openalex.org/W2121063273","https://openalex.org/W2337309234","https://openalex.org/W1799839793","https://openalex.org/W1989454727","https://openalex.org/W2130902301","https://openalex.org/W4390447722","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W2007491870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,73,87,132,134,136,139,143,158,168,200,209,227],"5G":[4],"new":[5],"radio":[6],"(NR)":[7],"FR2":[8],"beamforming":[9,31,66,70,80,89,106,148,198],"system":[10,32,90,149],"with":[11,33,110,157,184],"an":[12,34,111,164],"integrated":[13,29,35,109,196],"transceiver":[14,36,113,186],"module.":[15,67,187],"A":[16,46],"real-time":[17,201],"operating":[18],"module":[19,37,71,107,114,129],"providing":[20],"enhanced":[21],"flexibility":[22],"and":[23,58,99,120,142,174,214],"capability":[24],"has":[25],"been":[26],"proposed.":[27],"The":[28,68,104,126,146,172],"RF":[30,65,69,105,112,127,147,197],"can":[38,150],"be":[39],"operated":[40],"in":[41,63,86,93,221],"8Tx-8Rx":[42],"mode":[43],"configuration":[44],"simultaneously.":[45],"series-fed":[47],"structure":[48],"8":[49],"\u00d7":[50],"7":[51],"microstrip":[52],"antenna":[53,97],"array":[54],"for":[55],"compact":[56],"size":[57],"improved":[59,100],"directivity":[60],"is":[61,108,182],"employed":[62],"the":[64,117,123,185,190,194,215],"incorporates":[72],"custom":[74],"28":[75,212],"GHz,":[76,213],"eight-channel":[77,84],"fully":[78],"differential":[79],"IC":[81],"(BFIC).":[82],"An":[83],"BFIC":[85],"phased-array":[88],"offers":[91],"advantages":[92],"terms":[94],"of":[95,122,131,160,178,193,211,229],"increased":[96],"density":[98],"beam":[101,166],"steering":[102],"precision.":[103],"that":[115],"enables":[116],"simultaneous":[118],"up-conversion":[119],"down-conversion":[121],"baseband":[124],"signal.":[125],"transmitter":[128],"consists":[130],"transmitter,":[133],"receiver,":[135],"signal":[137],"generator,":[138],"power":[140],"supply,":[141],"control":[144],"unit.":[145],"scan":[151],"horizontally":[152],"from":[153],"-50\u00b0":[154],"to":[155],"+50\u00b0":[156],"step":[159],"10\u00b0.":[161],"To":[162,188],"achieve":[163],"optimized":[165],"pattern,":[167],"calibration":[169],"was":[170,206,218],"conducted.":[171],"transmit":[173],"receive":[175],"conversion":[176],"gain":[177],"around":[179],"20":[180],"dB":[181],"achieved":[183],"verify":[189],"communication":[191],"performance":[192],"manufactured":[195],"system,":[199],"wireless":[202],"video":[203,216],"transmission/reception":[204],"test":[205],"performed":[207],"at":[208],"frequency":[210],"file":[217],"transmitted":[219],"smoothly":[220],"real":[222],"time":[223],"without":[224],"interruption":[225],"within":[226],"range":[228],"\u00b150\u00b0.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}