{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392913747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061936","title":"A Deep Learning Approach for Surface Crack Classification and Segmentation in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Assisted Infrastructure Inspections","display_name":"A Deep Learning Approach for Surface Crack Classification and Segmentation in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Assisted Infrastructure Inspections","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392913747","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061936","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38544199"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061936","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1936/pdf?version=1710753836","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1936/pdf?version=1710753836","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061094446","display_name":"Shamendra Egodawela","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamendra Egodawela","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064997605","display_name":"Amirali Khodadadian Gostar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4800-6554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amirali Khodadadian Gostar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4800-6554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092349794","display_name":"H. A. D. Samith Buddika","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4592-0738"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111199411","display_name":"University of Peradeniya","ror":"https://ror.org/025h79t26","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. A. D. Samith Buddika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082873663","display_name":"A. J. Dammika","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2587-3743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111199411","display_name":"University of Peradeniya","ror":"https://ror.org/025h79t26","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. J. Dammika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087573949","display_name":"Nalin Harischandra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9232-4672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111199411","display_name":"University of Peradeniya","ror":"https://ror.org/025h79t26","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nalin Harischandra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9232-4672","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052455204","display_name":"Satheeskumar Navaratnam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7772-4531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satheeskumar Navaratnam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7772-4531","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078445351","display_name":"Mojtaba Mahmoodian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-6776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mojtaba Mahmoodian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064997605"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":4.2051,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94313307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"6","first_page":"1936","last_page":"1936"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9703999757766724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.846788763999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.7375075817108154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7198517918586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6957904100418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6657211184501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5998281240463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-image","display_name":"Aerial image","score":0.58297199010849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5431993007659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5426450371742249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/footprint","display_name":"Footprint","score":0.5049317479133606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/f1-score","display_name":"F1 score","score":0.47440195083618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3896476924419403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35476917028427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.348747193813324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.32366394996643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15653541684150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.1328313946723938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.846788763999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.7375075817108154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7198517918586731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6957904100418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6657211184501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5998281240463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688011","display_name":"Aerial image","level":3,"score":0.58297199010849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5431993007659912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5426450371742249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.5049317479133606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148524875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6975395","display_name":"F1 score","level":2,"score":0.47440195083618164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3896476924419403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35476917028427124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.348747193813324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32366394996643066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15653541684150696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.1328313946723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061936","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1936/pdf?version=1710753836","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38544199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38544199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10975019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10975019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:90b630bd88a94ed2b76f0f9d45a96428","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/90b630bd88a94ed2b76f0f9d45a96428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 6, p 1936 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdpi.com:/1424-8220/24/6/1936/","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24061936","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400947","display_name":"MDPI (MDPI AG)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210097602","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (Switzerland)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061936","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061936","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1936/pdf?version=1710753836","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3579627474","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE210101181","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392913747.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513670756","https://openalex.org/W1601369032","https://openalex.org/W1790681558","https://openalex.org/W2091149439","https://openalex.org/W2093303892","https://openalex.org/W2095106682","https://openalex.org/W2136329802","https://openalex.org/W2136396015","https://openalex.org/W2169534075","https://openalex.org/W2396267364","https://openalex.org/W2588612844","https://openalex.org/W2803119246","https://openalex.org/W2806828180","https://openalex.org/W2885430516","https://openalex.org/W2886369963","https://openalex.org/W2899803215","https://openalex.org/W2904718489","https://openalex.org/W2905163589","https://openalex.org/W2905467392","https://openalex.org/W2972309292","https://openalex.org/W3044580098","https://openalex.org/W3092785682","https://openalex.org/W3094984771","https://openalex.org/W3134503721","https://openalex.org/W3159322265","https://openalex.org/W3160412534","https://openalex.org/W3170697543","https://openalex.org/W3191127680","https://openalex.org/W3202031169","https://openalex.org/W4200025715","https://openalex.org/W4206706211","https://openalex.org/W4210629389","https://openalex.org/W4226003815","https://openalex.org/W4280491056","https://openalex.org/W4309102516","https://openalex.org/W4312446817","https://openalex.org/W4316467388","https://openalex.org/W4322730882","https://openalex.org/W4324052643","https://openalex.org/W4366281029","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W6785044267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229448053","https://openalex.org/W4247925126","https://openalex.org/W4327774218","https://openalex.org/W2059768187","https://openalex.org/W4312858960","https://openalex.org/W4386036939","https://openalex.org/W4379143281","https://openalex.org/W2605096541","https://openalex.org/W3200286695","https://openalex.org/W4400597516"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Surface":[0],"crack":[1,198],"detection":[2],"is":[3,55],"an":[4,151,172],"integral":[5],"part":[6],"of":[7,42,48,61,74,80,108,154,169,175],"infrastructure":[8,62],"health":[9],"surveys.":[10],"This":[11],"work":[12],"presents":[13],"a":[14,69,78,93,113,162],"transformative":[15],"shift":[16],"towards":[17],"rapid":[18],"and":[19,138,156,171,188],"reliable":[20],"data":[21,89],"collection":[22],"capabilities,":[23],"dramatically":[24],"reducing":[25],"the":[26,40,49,59,122,157,181,185,189],"time":[27],"spent":[28],"on":[29],"inspecting":[30],"infrastructures.":[31],"Two":[32],"unmanned":[33],"aerial":[34],"vehicles":[35],"(UAVs)":[36],"were":[37,90,193],"deployed,":[38],"enabling":[39],"capturing":[41],"images":[43,103],"simultaneously":[44],"for":[45,58,125],"efficient":[46],"coverage":[47],"structure.":[50],"The":[51,86,147],"suggested":[52,148,190],"drone":[53],"hardware":[54],"especially":[56],"suitable":[57],"inspection":[60],"with":[63,68],"confined":[64],"spaces":[65],"that":[66,180],"UAVs":[67],"broader":[70],"footprint":[71],"are":[72],"incapable":[73],"accessing":[75],"due":[76],"to":[77,120,134],"lack":[79],"safe":[81],"access":[82],"or":[83],"positioning":[84],"data.":[85],"collected":[87],"image":[88],"analyzed":[91],"using":[92],"binary":[94],"classification":[95],"convolutional":[96],"neural":[97],"network":[98],"(CNN),":[99],"effectively":[100],"filtering":[101],"out":[102],"containing":[104],"cracks.":[105],"A":[106,127],"comparison":[107],"state-of-the-art":[109],"CNN":[110,115],"architectures":[111],"against":[112,143],"novel":[114],"layout":[116,124],"\"CrackClassCNN\"":[117,149],"was":[118,132,141,178],"investigated":[119],"obtain":[121],"optimal":[123],"classification.":[126],"Segment":[128],"Anything":[129],"Model":[130],"(SAM)":[131],"employed":[133],"segment":[135],"defect":[136],"areas,":[137],"its":[139],"performance":[140],"benchmarked":[142],"manually":[144],"annotated":[145],"images.":[146],"achieved":[150],"accuracy":[152],"rate":[153],"95.02%,":[155],"SAM":[158],"segmentation":[159],"process":[160],"yielded":[161],"mean":[163],"Intersection":[164],"over":[165],"Union":[166],"(IoU)":[167],"score":[168,174],"0.778":[170],"F1":[173],"0.735.":[176],"It":[177],"concluded":[179],"selected":[182],"UAV":[183],"platform,":[184],"communication":[186],"network,":[187],"processing":[191],"techniques":[192],"highly":[194],"effective":[195],"in":[196],"surface":[197],"detection.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-02T09:04:35.204637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}