{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392845099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061900","title":"Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Heartbeat Detection Based on Accelerometric Signals Produced by a Smart Bed","display_name":"Comparison of Machine Learning Algorithms for Heartbeat Detection Based on Accelerometric Signals Produced by a Smart Bed","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392845099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061900","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38544162"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061900","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1900/pdf?version=1710518058","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1900/pdf?version=1710518058","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041117762","display_name":"Minh Long Hoang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3622-4327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Minh Long Hoang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3622-4327","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023818682","display_name":"Guido Matrella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0705-527X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guido Matrella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0705-527X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054454582","display_name":"Paolo Ciampolini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8944-2152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Ciampolini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8944-2152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023818682","https://openalex.org/A5041117762"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.0492,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85775041,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"6","first_page":"1900","last_page":"1900"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.8353927135467529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7132666110992432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6813289523124695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.6639000773429871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naive-bayes-classifier","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","score":0.6398057341575623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6349655985832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5767426490783691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heartbeat","display_name":"Heartbeat","score":0.5421619415283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5275525450706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth","display_name":"Ground truth","score":0.49598178267478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-and-recall","display_name":"Precision and recall","score":0.4807186424732208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.43528395891189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36118102073669434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.8353927135467529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7132666110992432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6813289523124695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.6639000773429871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52001869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812530","display_name":"Naive Bayes classifier","level":3,"score":0.6398057341575623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6349655985832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5767426490783691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13852961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17021880","display_name":"Heartbeat","level":2,"score":0.5421619415283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5275525450706482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.49598178267478943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.4807186424732208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.43528395891189575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36118102073669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006339","descriptor_name":"Heart Rate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D060388","descriptor_name":"Support Vector Machine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061900","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1900/pdf?version=1710518058","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38544162","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38544162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10974326","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10974326","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10974326/pdf/sensors-24-01900.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6e1b4e75a99d41e28e5529394ce998cd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6e1b4e75a99d41e28e5529394ce998cd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 6, p 1900 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061900","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061900","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1900/pdf?version=1710518058","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392845099.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1121670890","https://openalex.org/W1541358243","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2158976222","https://openalex.org/W2186331843","https://openalex.org/W2536120357","https://openalex.org/W2573003069","https://openalex.org/W2588355695","https://openalex.org/W2789589800","https://openalex.org/W2810554352","https://openalex.org/W2947884175","https://openalex.org/W2967051820","https://openalex.org/W2998909884","https://openalex.org/W3003449535","https://openalex.org/W3003903795","https://openalex.org/W3011758358","https://openalex.org/W3027532648","https://openalex.org/W3087773006","https://openalex.org/W3089572471","https://openalex.org/W3106746018","https://openalex.org/W3121563661","https://openalex.org/W3164504725","https://openalex.org/W3168158022","https://openalex.org/W3174531471","https://openalex.org/W3175014054","https://openalex.org/W3194730353","https://openalex.org/W3200617832","https://openalex.org/W4221003122","https://openalex.org/W4281783460","https://openalex.org/W4284893388","https://openalex.org/W4286447829","https://openalex.org/W4290043249","https://openalex.org/W4293414947","https://openalex.org/W4297035302","https://openalex.org/W4309007274","https://openalex.org/W4309288017","https://openalex.org/W4311515934","https://openalex.org/W4316076658","https://openalex.org/W4318464273","https://openalex.org/W4322731723","https://openalex.org/W4361732330","https://openalex.org/W4365515107","https://openalex.org/W4368227419","https://openalex.org/W4376139640","https://openalex.org/W4385707420","https://openalex.org/W4386601423","https://openalex.org/W4387653338","https://openalex.org/W4389263830","https://openalex.org/W4390177005","https://openalex.org/W4391137286","https://openalex.org/W6748817484","https://openalex.org/W6859987199"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385543909","https://openalex.org/W3039320222","https://openalex.org/W3199640442","https://openalex.org/W1898280036","https://openalex.org/W2315807364","https://openalex.org/W2382278803","https://openalex.org/W2047973478","https://openalex.org/W4317422759","https://openalex.org/W2032182853","https://openalex.org/W4385770464"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,54,95,110,156,233],"compare":[4],"the":[5,32,119,134,142,208,212,217,251,257],"performance":[6,189,210,225],"of":[7,89,118,211,242],"Machine":[8,178],"Learning":[9,13,181],"(ML)":[10],"and":[11,52,97,123,131,167,179,199,224,236,276],"Deep":[12,180],"(DL)":[14],"algorithms":[15,125],"in":[16,77,86,227,231,250],"detecting":[17,228],"users'":[18],"heartbeats":[19,230],"on":[20],"a":[21,38,55,78,264],"smart":[22,33],"bed.":[23],"Targeting":[24],"non-intrusive,":[25],"continuous":[26],"heart":[27],"monitoring":[28,253,278],"during":[29],"sleep":[30],"time,":[31],"bed":[34],"is":[35,62,246],"equipped":[36],"with":[37],"3D":[39],"solid-state":[40],"accelerometer.":[41],"Acceleration":[42],"signals":[43],"are":[44,126],"processed":[45],"through":[46],"an":[47],"STM":[48],"32-bit":[49],"microcontroller":[50],"board":[51],"transmitted":[53],"PC":[56],"for":[57,65,216,267,274],"recording.":[58],"A":[59,69],"photoplethysmographic":[60],"sensor":[61],"simultaneously":[63],"checked":[64],"ground":[66],"truth":[67],"reference.":[68],"dataset":[70],"has":[71],"been":[72],"built,":[73],"by":[74],"acquiring":[75],"measures":[76],"real-world":[79],"set-up:":[80],"10":[81],"participants":[82],"were":[83,93],"involved,":[84],"resulting":[85],"120":[87],"min":[88],"acceleration":[90],"traces":[91],"which":[92],"utilized":[94],"train":[96],"evaluate":[98],"various":[99],"Artificial":[100],"Intelligence":[101],"(AI)":[102],"algorithms.":[103],"The":[104,137,183,205,240],"experimental":[105],"analysis":[106],"utilizes":[107],"K-fold":[108],"cross-validation":[109],"ensure":[111],"robust":[112,188],"model":[113,186,260],"testing":[114],"across":[115],"different":[116],"subsets":[117],"dataset.":[120],"Various":[121],"ML":[122,158,235],"DL":[124,237],"compared,":[127],"each":[128],"being":[129],"trained":[130],"tested":[132],"using":[133],"collected":[135],"data.":[136],"Random":[138,184,213,258],"Forest":[139,185,214,259],"algorithm":[140,215],"exhibited":[141],"highest":[143],"accuracy":[144,201,223],"among":[145],"all":[146],"compared":[147,155],"models.":[148,182],"While":[149],"it":[150,171],"requires":[151],"longer":[152,243],"training":[153,244],"time":[154],"some":[157],"models":[159,238],"such":[160],"as":[161,263],"Na\u00efve":[162],"Bayes,":[163],"Linear":[164],"Discrimination":[165],"Analysis,":[166],"K-Nearest":[168],"Neighbour":[169],"Classification,":[170],"keeps":[172],"substantially":[173],"faster":[174],"than":[175],"Support":[176],"Vector":[177],"demonstrated":[187],"metrics,":[190],"including":[191],"recall,":[192],"precision,":[193],"F1-scores,":[194],"macro":[195],"average,":[196,198],"weighted":[197],"overall":[200],"well":[202],"above":[203],"90%.":[204],"study":[206],"highlights":[207],"better":[209],"specific":[218],"use":[219],"case,":[220],"achieving":[221],"superior":[222],"metrics":[226],"user":[229],"comparison":[232],"other":[234],"tested.":[239],"drawback":[241],"times":[245],"not":[247],"too":[248],"relevant":[249],"long-term":[252],"target":[254],"scenario,":[255],"so":[256],"stands":[261],"out":[262],"viable":[265],"solution":[266],"real-time":[268],"ballistocardiographic":[269],"heartbeat":[270],"detection,":[271],"showcasing":[272],"potential":[273],"healthcare":[275],"wellness":[277],"applications.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-30T13:55:48.251075","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
