{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392662162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061799","title":"A Novel Hierarchical Vision Transformer and Wavelet Time\u2013Frequency Based on Multi-Source Information Fusion for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis","display_name":"A Novel Hierarchical Vision Transformer and Wavelet Time\u2013Frequency Based on Multi-Source Information Fusion for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392662162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061799","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38544066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061799","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1799/pdf?version=1710159679","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1799/pdf?version=1710159679","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079671544","display_name":"Changfen Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9878-4856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120015","display_name":"Nanchang Institute of Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02q5y6156","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120015"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changfen Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330108, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9878-4856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330108, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120015"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023122235","display_name":"Rongrong Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7144-896X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120015","display_name":"Nanchang Institute of Science & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02q5y6156","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120015"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rongrong Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Education, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330108, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7144-896X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Education, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330108, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120015"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023122235"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120015"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":6.4548,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97170221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"6","first_page":"1799","last_page":"1799"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9660000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6741560697555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.613638162612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-source","display_name":"Multi-source","score":0.5935029983520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5620164275169373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5080406665802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5071806907653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-fusion","display_name":"Information fusion","score":0.46526387333869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43529731035232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.42265450954437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40838873386383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2775573134422302}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6741560697555542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.613638162612915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934498","display_name":"Multi-source","level":2,"score":0.5935029983520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5620164275169373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5080406665802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5071806907653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982962833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092450","display_name":"Information fusion","level":2,"score":0.46526387333869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43529731035232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.42265450954437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40838873386383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2775573134422302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061799","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1799/pdf?version=1710159679","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38544066","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38544066","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10975423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10975423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:42a62aaa60f044b3a29f1875141f9855","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/42a62aaa60f044b3a29f1875141f9855","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 6, p 1799 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061799","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1799/pdf?version=1710159679","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392662162.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1985437849","https://openalex.org/W2014540231","https://openalex.org/W2593162611","https://openalex.org/W2619516334","https://openalex.org/W2887782657","https://openalex.org/W2956566815","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W3038956143","https://openalex.org/W3043099717","https://openalex.org/W3043401064","https://openalex.org/W3048957103","https://openalex.org/W3116250684","https://openalex.org/W3137384391","https://openalex.org/W3138065964","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3157039246","https://openalex.org/W3167788734","https://openalex.org/W3192807145","https://openalex.org/W3199798098","https://openalex.org/W3217212503","https://openalex.org/W4200049650","https://openalex.org/W4200069638","https://openalex.org/W4200432631","https://openalex.org/W4205608352","https://openalex.org/W4205730437","https://openalex.org/W4206133857","https://openalex.org/W4210428537","https://openalex.org/W4213454169","https://openalex.org/W4214511204","https://openalex.org/W4214833673","https://openalex.org/W4220954629","https://openalex.org/W4224273747","https://openalex.org/W4283265167","https://openalex.org/W4288064602","https://openalex.org/W4291238080","https://openalex.org/W4292171929","https://openalex.org/W4293811858","https://openalex.org/W4297539676","https://openalex.org/W4306399454","https://openalex.org/W4313427519","https://openalex.org/W4391472533","https://openalex.org/W6791655975"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077021924","https://openalex.org/W4384571231","https://openalex.org/W2000042844","https://openalex.org/W3025032779","https://openalex.org/W2769355717","https://openalex.org/W2371579602","https://openalex.org/W4390188410","https://openalex.org/W2354092988","https://openalex.org/W2386715790","https://openalex.org/W4323664580"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1],"(DL)":[2],"has":[3,88],"been":[4,89],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"to":[7,36,47,57,94,107,136,144,158,170,201],"promote":[8],"the":[9,22,27,48,109,138,155,172,175,181,186,193],"development":[10],"of":[11,21,33,114,141,174,189],"intelligent":[12],"fault":[13,39,59,66,111,146],"diagnosis,":[14],"bringing":[15],"significant":[16],"performance":[17,43,97,113],"improvement.":[18],"However,":[19],"most":[20],"existing":[23],"methods":[24],"cannot":[25],"capture":[26],"temporal":[28],"information":[29,84,150],"and":[30,50,62,76,100,125,192],"global":[31],"features":[32,60,204],"mechanical":[34,115,190],"equipment":[35],"collect":[37],"sufficient":[38],"information,":[40],"resulting":[41],"in":[42,91],"collapse.":[44],"Meanwhile,":[45],"due":[46],"complex":[49],"harsh":[51],"operating":[52],"environment,":[53],"it":[54,198],"is":[55,106,134,199],"difficult":[56],"extract":[58,202],"stably":[61],"extensively":[63],"using":[64],"single-source":[65],"diagnosis":[67,112],"methods.":[68],"Therefore,":[69],"a":[70,82,129],"novel":[71,130],"hierarchical":[72,131],"vision":[73,132],"transformer":[74,133],"(NHVT)":[75],"wavelet":[77],"time-frequency":[78],"architecture":[79],"combined":[80],"with":[81],"multi-source":[83,118,149,168,187,206],"fusion":[85],"(MSIF)":[86],"strategy":[87],"suggested":[90],"this":[92],"paper":[93],"boost":[95],"stable":[96],"by":[98],"extracting":[99],"integrating":[101],"rich":[102],"features.":[103,147],"The":[104],"goal":[105],"improve":[108,137],"end-to-end":[110],"components.":[116],"First,":[117],"signals":[119],"are":[120,152],"transformed":[121],"into":[122,154],"two-dimensional":[123],"time":[124],"frequency":[126],"diagrams.":[127],"Then,":[128,178],"introduced":[135],"nonlinear":[139],"representation":[140],"feature":[142],"maps":[143],"enrich":[145],"Next,":[148],"diagrams":[151],"fused":[153],"proposed":[156,176],"NHVT":[157,179],"produce":[159],"more":[160],"comprehensive":[161],"presentations.":[162],"Finally,":[163],"we":[164],"employed":[165],"two":[166],"different":[167],"datasets":[169],"verify":[171],"superiority":[173],"NHVT.":[177],"outperformed":[180],"state-of-the-art":[182],"approach":[183],"(SOTA)":[184],"on":[185],"dataset":[188],"components,":[191],"experimental":[194],"results":[195],"show":[196],"that":[197],"able":[200],"useful":[203],"from":[205],"information.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
