{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392553609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061719","title":"Comparison of Different NDT Techniques for Evaluation of the Quality of PCBs Produced Using Traditional vs. Additive Manufacturing Technologies","display_name":"Comparison of Different NDT Techniques for Evaluation of the Quality of PCBs Produced Using Traditional vs. Additive Manufacturing Technologies","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392553609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061719","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38543981"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061719","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1719/pdf?version=1709797964","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1719/pdf?version=1709797964","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091567397","display_name":"Elena Jasi\u016bnien\u0117","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-5597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172574986","display_name":"Kaunas University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01me6gb93","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elena Jasi\u016bnien\u0117","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 50, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania","Prof. K. Barsauskas Ultrasound Research Insititute, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Barsausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8073-5597","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 50, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prof. K. Barsauskas Ultrasound Research Insititute, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Barsausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019729191","display_name":"Renaldas Rai\u0161utis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-5427"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172574986","display_name":"Kaunas University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01me6gb93","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renaldas Rai\u0161utis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Power Systems, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 50, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania","Prof. K. Barsauskas Ultrasound Research Insititute, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Barsausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2408-5427","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Power Systems, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu St. 50, LT-51368 Kaunas, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prof. K. Barsauskas Ultrasound Research Insititute, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Barsausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065186997","display_name":"Vykintas Samaitis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-7619"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172574986","display_name":"Kaunas University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01me6gb93","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vykintas Samaitis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prof. K. Barsauskas Ultrasound Research Insititute, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Barsausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-7619","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prof. K. Barsauskas Ultrasound Research Insititute, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Barsausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077529680","display_name":"Audrius Jankauskas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3977-7549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172574986","display_name":"Kaunas University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01me6gb93","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Audrius Jankauskas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Prof. K. Barsauskas Ultrasound Research Insititute, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Barsausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3977-7549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Prof. K. Barsauskas Ultrasound Research Insititute, Kaunas University of Technology, K. Barsausko St. 59, LT-51423 Kaunas, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091567397"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172574986"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.92,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90418139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"6","first_page":"1719","last_page":"1719"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondestructive-testing","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","score":0.7537508606910706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.7232227921485901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5932167172431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5415286421775818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.506951093673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.4923168420791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-component","display_name":"Electronic component","score":0.47165384888648987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43597424030303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.38008663058280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3706900179386139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3506467640399933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing-engineering","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","score":0.341070294380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10685372352600098}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56529433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626700","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","level":2,"score":0.7537508606910706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7232227921485901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5932167172431946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5415286421775818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.506951093673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.4923168420791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81060104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11653","display_name":"Electronic component","level":2,"score":0.47165384888648987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43597424030303955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.38008663058280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3706900179386139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3506467640399933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117671659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265","display_name":"Manufacturing engineering","level":1,"score":0.341070294380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10685372352600098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061719","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1719/pdf?version=1709797964","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38543981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38543981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10975778","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10975778","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ktu.edu:elaba:189868702","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vb.ktu.edu/KTU:ELABAPDB189868702&prefLang=en_US","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922255","display_name":"KTUePubl (Repository of Kaunas University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN 1424-8220","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cafa794977454c86a255dd3143896fc6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cafa794977454c86a255dd3143896fc6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 6, p 1719 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24061719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24061719","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/6/1719/pdf?version=1709797964","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392553609.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979172994","https://openalex.org/W2005592656","https://openalex.org/W2077332544","https://openalex.org/W2088886701","https://openalex.org/W2099940536","https://openalex.org/W2462675790","https://openalex.org/W2762149733","https://openalex.org/W2777160927","https://openalex.org/W2800525333","https://openalex.org/W2912152063","https://openalex.org/W2915038957","https://openalex.org/W2965419421","https://openalex.org/W3035774681","https://openalex.org/W3081775990","https://openalex.org/W3092466439","https://openalex.org/W3130335793","https://openalex.org/W3142052801","https://openalex.org/W3174672997","https://openalex.org/W3195442750","https://openalex.org/W4205553873","https://openalex.org/W4210817581","https://openalex.org/W4320712931","https://openalex.org/W4383503481","https://openalex.org/W4385759414","https://openalex.org/W6745077438","https://openalex.org/W6746727604","https://openalex.org/W6797126612"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998049681","https://openalex.org/W2157949185","https://openalex.org/W2000160031","https://openalex.org/W2921841024","https://openalex.org/W2589935502","https://openalex.org/W2902223994","https://openalex.org/W2342996901","https://openalex.org/W2375527078","https://openalex.org/W1536601387","https://openalex.org/W2514207954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multilayer":[0],"printed":[1],"circuit":[2],"boards":[3],"(PCBs)":[4],"can":[5,22,86,103,115],"be":[6,130,208,212],"produced":[7,157],"not":[8],"only":[9],"in":[10,27,61,97,221],"the":[11,28,32,38,42,53,70,73,80,89,98,101,106,133,150,153,168,178,194,225],"traditional":[12,18,159],"way":[13],"but":[14],"also":[15],"additively.":[16],"Both":[17],"and":[19,160,181,190,200,230],"additive":[20,161],"manufacturing":[21,113,162],"lead":[23,116],"to":[24,37,68,117,207,214,223],"invisible":[25],"defects":[26,229],"internal":[29,169],"structure":[30,81,99,170],"of":[31,41,48,55,72,79,82,91,94,100,108,112,120,135,145,152,155,171,177,193,228],"electronic":[33,84,136],"component,":[34],"eventually":[35],"leading":[36],"spontaneous":[39],"failure":[40],"device.":[43],"No":[44],"matter":[45],"what":[46],"kind":[47],"technology":[49],"is":[50,66,173],"used":[51,60,183],"for":[52,132,149,166],"production":[54],"PCBs,":[56],"when":[57],"they":[58],"are":[59,206],"important":[62,67],"structures,":[63],"quality":[64,90,154],"control":[65],"ensure":[69,88],"reliability":[71],"component.":[74],"The":[75,164],"nondestructive":[76,126],"testing":[77],"(NDT)":[78],"manufactured":[83],"components":[85],"help":[87,104],"devices.":[92],"Investigations":[93],"possible":[95,121],"changes":[96],"product":[102],"identify":[105],"causes":[107],"defects.":[109,122],"Different":[110],"types":[111,119,227],"technologies":[114,195,220],"diverse":[118],"Therefore,":[123],"employing":[124],"several":[125,176],"inspection":[127,134],"techniques":[128,148],"could":[129],"preferable":[131],"components.":[137],"In":[138],"this":[139],"article,":[140],"we":[141],"present":[142],"a":[143],"comparison":[144],"various":[146,226],"NDT":[147],"evaluation":[151],"PCBs":[156,172],"using":[158,218],"technologies.":[163],"methodology":[165],"investigating":[167],"based":[174],"on":[175],"most":[179],"reliable":[180],"widely":[182],"technologies,":[184],"namely,":[185],"acoustic":[186],"microscopy,":[187],"active":[188],"thermography,":[189],"radiography.":[191],"All":[192],"investigated":[196],"have":[197],"their":[198,232],"advantages":[199],"disadvantages,":[201],"so":[202],"if":[203],"high-reliability":[204],"products":[205],"produced,":[209],"it":[210],"would":[211],"advantageous":[213],"carry":[215],"out":[216],"tests":[217],"multiple":[219],"order":[222],"detect":[224],"determine":[231],"parameters.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
