{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392506827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051706","title":"Flying Target Detection Technology Based on GNSS Multipath Signals","display_name":"Flying Target Detection Technology Based on GNSS Multipath Signals","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392506827","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051706","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38475242"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24051706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051706","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/5/1706/pdf?version=1709723712","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/5/1706/pdf?version=1709723712","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102710188","display_name":"Pengfei Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6592-4885"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6592-4885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101888659","display_name":"Qinglin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7933-856X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinglin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023691041","display_name":"Xiang Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5241-4307"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101197966","display_name":"Mingchen Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4094-9283"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingchen Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao 266107, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102710188"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":0.1647,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40642936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"1706","last_page":"1706"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.8411086797714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.7030670642852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6178576350212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.6023805141448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-portability","display_name":"Software portability","score":0.5834794044494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5241632461547852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.5039309859275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.43523848056793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19434648752212524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.8411086797714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.7030670642852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6178576350212097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.6023805141448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63000827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3080428","display_name":"Software portability","level":2,"score":0.5834794044494629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5241632461547852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.5039309859275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.43523848056793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19434648752212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24051706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051706","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/5/1706/pdf?version=1709723712","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38475242","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38475242","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10934057","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10934057","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10934057/pdf/sensors-24-01706.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0fab48cdf4e84a0a9ff32ba7bed7242c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0fab48cdf4e84a0a9ff32ba7bed7242c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 5, p 1706 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24051706","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051706","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/5/1706/pdf?version=1709723712","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392506827.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1572862617","https://openalex.org/W1860649799","https://openalex.org/W2065338458","https://openalex.org/W2093769324","https://openalex.org/W2101335079","https://openalex.org/W2111617983","https://openalex.org/W2128284341","https://openalex.org/W2145392059","https://openalex.org/W2149481071","https://openalex.org/W2321106060","https://openalex.org/W2328132375","https://openalex.org/W2978345149","https://openalex.org/W2995265070","https://openalex.org/W3034075621","https://openalex.org/W3042320043","https://openalex.org/W3099860989","https://openalex.org/W3113919981","https://openalex.org/W3119052984","https://openalex.org/W4206005938","https://openalex.org/W4210752258","https://openalex.org/W4296365730","https://openalex.org/W4296848899","https://openalex.org/W4317436736","https://openalex.org/W4388157025","https://openalex.org/W6718352090","https://openalex.org/W6788549059"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052432379","https://openalex.org/W3117915744","https://openalex.org/W768388283","https://openalex.org/W3106489079","https://openalex.org/W3130617165","https://openalex.org/W2606296569","https://openalex.org/W2375040471","https://openalex.org/W2068158190","https://openalex.org/W2916802843","https://openalex.org/W2064660797"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"a":[3,85,96],"passive":[4],"radar":[5],"system":[6,46,79,91,111],"that":[7,89],"detects":[8],"flying":[9,22],"targets":[10],"is":[11,52,92,112],"developed":[12],"in":[13,59,140],"order":[14],"to":[15,94],"solve":[16],"the":[17,40,45,48,70,90],"problems":[18],"associated":[19],"with":[20],"traditional":[21],"target":[23,43],"detection":[24],"systems":[25],"(i.e.,":[26],"their":[27],"large":[28,141],"size,":[29],"high":[30],"power":[31,123],"consumption,":[32,124],"complex":[33],"systems,":[34],"and":[35,61,68,99,131,133,143],"poor":[36],"battlefield":[37],"survivability).":[38],"On":[39],"basis":[41],"of":[42,73,84],"detection,":[44],"uses":[47],"multipath":[49],"signal":[50],"(which":[51],"usually":[53],"eliminated":[54],"as":[55],"an":[56],"error":[57],"term":[58],"navigation":[60,77],"positioning),":[62],"enhances":[63],"it":[64],"by":[65,114],"supporting":[66],"information,":[67],"utilizes":[69],"multi-source":[71],"characteristics":[72],"ordinary":[74],"omnidirectional":[75],"global":[76],"satellite":[78],"(GNSS)":[80],"signals.":[81],"The":[82,110],"results":[83],"validation":[86],"experiment":[87],"showed":[88],"able":[93],"locate":[95],"passenger":[97],"airplane":[98],"obtain":[100],"its":[101,115],"flight":[102],"trajectory":[103],"using":[104],"only":[105],"one":[106],"GNSS":[107],"receiving":[108],"antenna.":[109],"characterized":[113],"light":[116],"weight":[117],"(less":[118],"than":[119],"5":[120],"kg),":[121],"low":[122,129],"simple":[125],"system,":[126],"good":[127,145],"portability,":[128],"cost,":[130],"24/7":[132],"all-weather":[134],"work.":[135],"It":[136],"can":[137],"be":[138],"installed":[139],"quantities":[142],"has":[144],"prospects":[146],"for":[147],"development.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}