{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392159654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051480","title":"Impact-Aware Foot Motion Reconstruction and Ramp/Stair Detection Using One Foot-Mounted Inertial Measurement Unit","display_name":"Impact-Aware Foot Motion Reconstruction and Ramp/Stair Detection Using One Foot-Mounted Inertial Measurement Unit","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392159654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051480","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38475012"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24051480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051480","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/5/1480/pdf?version=1708767152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/5/1480/pdf?version=1708767152","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055651498","display_name":"Y. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-2908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yisen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5598-2908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071140910","display_name":"Katherine Heidi Fehr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0765-1036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katherine H. Fehr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0765-1036","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084608839","display_name":"Peter G. Adamczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5374-7691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peter G. Adamczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5374-7691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084608839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.8737,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86232853,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"1480","last_page":"1480"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11227","display_name":"Diabetic Foot Ulcer Assessment and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.7108794450759888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stairs","display_name":"Stairs","score":0.5895534753799438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5210760831832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.49962544441223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gait","display_name":"Gait","score":0.48916390538215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.4642904996871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.459612101316452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.390378475189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36763274669647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3221147656440735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0957936942577362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-medicine-and-rehabilitation","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","score":0.09545260667800903}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.7108794450759888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777295749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12511","display_name":"Stairs","level":2,"score":0.5895534753799438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5210760831832886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.49962544441223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.48916390538215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.4642904996871948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.459612101316452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.390378475189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36763274669647217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3221147656440735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0957936942577362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.09545260667800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000054","descriptor_name":"Acceleration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000054","descriptor_name":"Acceleration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000054","descriptor_name":"Acceleration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000054","descriptor_name":"Acceleration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001696","descriptor_name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005528","descriptor_name":"Foot","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005528","descriptor_name":"Foot","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005528","descriptor_name":"Foot","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005528","descriptor_name":"Foot","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005684","descriptor_name":"Gait","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009038","descriptor_name":"Motion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016138","descriptor_name":"Walking","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24051480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051480","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/5/1480/pdf?version=1708767152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38475012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38475012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10935050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10935050","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10935050/pdf/sensors-24-01480.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d38a94b24d724e10b9d1d0255b973d50","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d38a94b24d724e10b9d1d0255b973d50","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 5, p 1480 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24051480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051480","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/5/1480/pdf?version=1708767152","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8505539459","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH-19-2-0024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392159654.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W569885032","https://openalex.org/W1968524038","https://openalex.org/W1977033890","https://openalex.org/W1993793087","https://openalex.org/W2002904714","https://openalex.org/W2005717879","https://openalex.org/W2019976143","https://openalex.org/W2025383264","https://openalex.org/W2028060274","https://openalex.org/W2036744928","https://openalex.org/W2041593150","https://openalex.org/W2043064428","https://openalex.org/W2056298239","https://openalex.org/W2056427752","https://openalex.org/W2069316794","https://openalex.org/W2102895608","https://openalex.org/W2103428929","https://openalex.org/W2105382574","https://openalex.org/W2118991694","https://openalex.org/W2130215410","https://openalex.org/W2130557338","https://openalex.org/W2154356205","https://openalex.org/W2163410835","https://openalex.org/W2163424174","https://openalex.org/W2168004776","https://openalex.org/W2171618211","https://openalex.org/W2199895069","https://openalex.org/W2214788824","https://openalex.org/W2287563231","https://openalex.org/W2332797954","https://openalex.org/W2368532690","https://openalex.org/W2563686712","https://openalex.org/W2594735305","https://openalex.org/W2751874971","https://openalex.org/W2770949092","https://openalex.org/W2791820053","https://openalex.org/W2804461650","https://openalex.org/W2888531427","https://openalex.org/W2888944421","https://openalex.org/W2901356811","https://openalex.org/W2922457702","https://openalex.org/W2940697691","https://openalex.org/W2946031193","https://openalex.org/W2948966937","https://openalex.org/W2964235418","https://openalex.org/W3006220602","https://openalex.org/W3010954106","https://openalex.org/W3015890151","https://openalex.org/W3041682567","https://openalex.org/W3080266027","https://openalex.org/W3100045878","https://openalex.org/W3108944498","https://openalex.org/W3162079911","https://openalex.org/W3165996661","https://openalex.org/W3205125036","https://openalex.org/W4206254726","https://openalex.org/W4206915570","https://openalex.org/W4210633786","https://openalex.org/W4213309318","https://openalex.org/W4309350462","https://openalex.org/W4312520746","https://openalex.org/W6616143737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2570308965","https://openalex.org/W2049247410","https://openalex.org/W2318265355","https://openalex.org/W1486724195","https://openalex.org/W1976557033","https://openalex.org/W560737017","https://openalex.org/W2028191919","https://openalex.org/W4200464353","https://openalex.org/W2592227335","https://openalex.org/W2387566434"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Motion":[0],"reconstruction":[1,20,44,86,117,131,154,205],"using":[2],"wearable":[3],"sensors":[4],"enables":[5],"broad":[6],"opportunities":[7],"for":[8,34],"gait":[9],"analysis":[10],"outside":[11],"laboratory":[12],"environments.":[13],"Inertial":[14],"Measurement":[15],"Unit":[16],"(IMU)-based":[17],"foot":[18,28],"trajectory":[19],"is":[21,137],"an":[22],"essential":[23],"component":[24],"of":[25,99,133],"estimating":[26],"the":[27,43,70,75,84,134,140,192,199],"motion":[29,153],"and":[30,51,54,61,73,102,118,128,150,182,202,210,215],"user":[31],"position":[32],"required":[33],"any":[35],"related":[36],"biomechanics":[37],"metrics.":[38],"However,":[39],"limitations":[40],"remain":[41],"in":[42,55,69,116,207],"quality":[45],"due":[46],"to":[47,66],"well-known":[48],"sensor":[49,59],"noise":[50],"drift":[52,68,115],"issues,":[53],"some":[56],"cases,":[57],"limited":[58],"bandwidth":[60],"range.":[62],"In":[63],"this":[64,109],"work,":[65],"reduce":[67],"height":[71,114,168],"direction":[72],"handle":[74],"impulsive":[76],"velocity":[77,95,106],"error":[78],"at":[79],"heel":[80,103],"strike,":[81],"we":[82,111],"enhanced":[83],"integration":[85,94],"with":[87,156],"a":[88],"novel":[89],"kinematic":[90],"model":[91,200],"that":[92],"partitions":[93],"errors":[96,169],"into":[97],"estimates":[98],"acceleration":[100],"bias":[101],"strike":[104],"vertical":[105],"error.":[107],"Using":[108],"model,":[110],"achieve":[112],"reduced":[113],"simultaneously":[119],"accomplish":[120],"reliable":[121],"terrain":[122,193],"determination":[123],"among":[124],"level":[125,176],"ground,":[126,177],"ramps,":[127,181],"stairs.":[129,186,216],"The":[130,166,187],"performance":[132],"proposed":[135,188],"method":[136,155,189],"compared":[138],"against":[139],"widely":[141],"used":[142],"Error":[143],"State":[144],"Kalman":[145],"Filter-based":[146],"Pedestrian":[147],"Dead":[148],"Reckoning":[149],"integration-based":[151],"foot-IMU":[152],"15":[157],"trials":[158],"from":[159],"six":[160],"subjects,":[161],"including":[162],"one":[163],"prosthesis":[164],"user.":[165],"mean":[167],"per":[170],"stride":[171],"are":[172],"0.03\u00b10.08":[173],"cm":[174,179,184],"on":[175,180,185,198,213],"0.95\u00b10.37":[178],"1.27\u00b11.22":[183],"can":[190],"determine":[191],"types":[194],"accurately":[195],"by":[196],"thresholding":[197],"output":[201],"demonstrates":[203],"great":[204],"improvement":[206,212],"level-ground":[208],"walking":[209],"moderate":[211],"ramps":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}