{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392097172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051452","title":"An Effective GNSS/PDR Fusion Positioning Algorithm on Smartphones for Challenging Scenarios","display_name":"An Effective GNSS/PDR Fusion Positioning Algorithm on Smartphones for Challenging Scenarios","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392097172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051452","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38474988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24051452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051452","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/5/1452/pdf?version=1708695232","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/5/1452/pdf?version=1708695232","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077167876","display_name":"Jingkui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7730-7196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800372957","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100278","display_name":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0188rvx33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingkui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology, Shijiazhuang 050081, China","The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang 050081, China","State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology, Shijiazhuang 050081, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology, Shijiazhuang 050081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang 050081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology, Shijiazhuang 050081, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032888897","display_name":"Baoguo Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-7519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800372957","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100278","display_name":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0188rvx33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baoguo Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology, Shijiazhuang 050081, China","The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang 050081, China","State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology, Shijiazhuang 050081, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology, Shijiazhuang 050081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang 050081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology, Shijiazhuang 050081, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029489915","display_name":"Yuxiang Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiang Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100742509","display_name":"Jingxiang Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7141-8506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingxiang Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019195233","display_name":"Chuanzhen Sheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-4705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800372957","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100278","display_name":"Beijing Satellite Navigation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0188rvx33","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanzhen Sheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology, Shijiazhuang 050081, China","The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang 050081, China","State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology, Shijiazhuang 050081, China;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology, Shijiazhuang 050081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang 050081, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Satellite Navigation System and Equipment Technology, Shijiazhuang 050081, China;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100278"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029489915"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2673},"fwci":0.6322,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61028233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"5","first_page":"1452","last_page":"1452"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.9591348171234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6770445704460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.5999562740325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.553827702999115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-augmentation","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","score":0.48516708612442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3745824694633484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.36612749099731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.36221054196357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.3510064482688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1422920525074005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.07196727395057678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9591348171234131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6770445704460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.5999562740325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.553827702999115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166212672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165162","display_name":"GNSS augmentation","level":4,"score":0.48516708612442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3745824694633484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.36612749099731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.36221054196357727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.3510064482688904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1422920525074005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.07196727395057678}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24051452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051452","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/5/1452/pdf?version=1708695232","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38474988","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38474988","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10935304","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10935304","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10935304/pdf/sensors-24-01452.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d76d8893cd084cbbbcaf7f933f7fb4cd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d76d8893cd084cbbbcaf7f933f7fb4cd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 5, p 1452 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24051452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051452","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/5/1452/pdf?version=1708695232","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323154","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328844","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392097172.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971760893","https://openalex.org/W2086892817","https://openalex.org/W2116070975","https://openalex.org/W2129793335","https://openalex.org/W2165880777","https://openalex.org/W2189013455","https://openalex.org/W2228802138","https://openalex.org/W2340917364","https://openalex.org/W2472404671","https://openalex.org/W2573739355","https://openalex.org/W2580246494","https://openalex.org/W2781561575","https://openalex.org/W2795092153","https://openalex.org/W2905407518","https://openalex.org/W2910513464","https://openalex.org/W2912493354","https://openalex.org/W2930403468","https://openalex.org/W2971974353","https://openalex.org/W3011291128","https://openalex.org/W3016045919","https://openalex.org/W3085131245","https://openalex.org/W3165518058","https://openalex.org/W4291993413","https://openalex.org/W4293146093","https://openalex.org/W4306399452","https://openalex.org/W4312813076","https://openalex.org/W4381802570","https://openalex.org/W4387702809","https://openalex.org/W6848112495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3197004465","https://openalex.org/W2998303370","https://openalex.org/W4389860168","https://openalex.org/W2525440477","https://openalex.org/W2201305964","https://openalex.org/W2374813830","https://openalex.org/W2091251439","https://openalex.org/W3103057830","https://openalex.org/W3205180365","https://openalex.org/W1494365804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"location-based":[1],"smartphone":[2],"service":[3],"brings":[4],"new":[5],"development":[6],"opportunities":[7],"for":[8,158],"seamless":[9],"indoor/outdoor":[10],"positioning.":[11],"However,":[12],"in":[13,56,81,102,161],"complex":[14,57,162],"scenarios":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17],"cities,":[18],"tunnels,":[19],"overpasses,":[20],"forests,":[21],"etc.,":[22],"using":[23],"only":[24],"GNSS":[25,47,139,159],"on":[26,67,132],"smartphones":[27],"cannot":[28],"provide":[29],"stable":[30],"and":[31,73,77,89,109,127,145,173,184],"reliable":[32],"positioning":[33,48,101,120,160,169],"results.":[34],"Usually,":[35],"additional":[36],"sensors":[37],"are":[38,83],"needed":[39],"to":[40,85],"assist":[41],"GNSS.":[42],"This":[43],"paper":[44],"investigates":[45],"the":[46,68,74,78,96,133,152,179],"algorithm":[49,65,80],"assisted":[50],"by":[51],"pedestrian":[52],"dead":[53],"reckoning":[54],"(PDR)":[55],"scenarios.":[58],"First,":[59],"we":[60,94,115,150],"introduce":[61],"a":[62,106,110,117],"step":[63,87],"detection":[64],"based":[66],"peak-valley":[69],"of":[70,98,125,156,181],"acceleration":[71],"modulus,":[72],"Weinberg":[75],"model":[76],"Mahony":[79],"PDR":[82,141,157],"used":[84],"estimate":[86],"length":[88],"heading.":[90],"On":[91],"this":[92],"basis,":[93],"evaluated":[95],"performance":[97],"GNSS/PDR":[99,118,143],"fusion":[100,168],"an":[103],"open":[104],"scenario,":[105,108,112],"semiopen":[107],"blocked":[111],"respectively.":[113],"Finally,":[114],"develop":[116],"real-time":[119,146],"software,":[121],"called":[122],"China":[123],"University":[124],"Mining":[126],"Technology-POSitioning":[128],"(CUMT-POS)":[129],"version":[130],"1.0,":[131],"Android":[134],"10":[135],"platform.":[136],"By":[137],"comparing":[138],"solutions,":[140,142,144,149],"kinematic":[147],"(RTK)":[148],"verify":[151],"potential":[153],"auxiliary":[154],"ability":[155],"environments,":[163],"proving":[164],"that":[165],"multisource":[166],"sensor":[167],"significantly":[170],"improves":[171],"reliability":[172],"stability.":[174],"Our":[175],"research":[176],"can":[177],"help":[178],"realization":[180],"urban":[182],"informatization":[183],"smart":[185],"cities.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
