{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391748765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041176","title":"Pullulan-1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Composite as a Water-Soluble Active Component of a Vibration Sensor","display_name":"Pullulan-1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Composite as a Water-Soluble Active Component of a Vibration Sensor","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391748765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041176","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38400334"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24041176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041176","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/4/1176/pdf?version=1707567880","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/4/1176/pdf?version=1707567880","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051172641","display_name":"Giovanna Di Pasquale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2032-4195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanna Di Pasquale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche (DSC), University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche (DSC), University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056068081","display_name":"Salvatore Graziani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3079-9071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Salvatore Graziani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica e Informatica (DIEEI), University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3079-9071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica e Informatica (DIEEI), University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019783917","display_name":"Antonino Pollicino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6814-9977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antonino Pollicino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Architettura (DICAr), University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6814-9977","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Architettura (DICAr), University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018584908","display_name":"Carlo Trigona","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6789-5580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Trigona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica e Informatica (DIEEI), University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica Elettronica e Informatica (DIEEI), University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019783917","https://openalex.org/A5056068081"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2955},"fwci":0.4797,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52707771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"1176","last_page":"1176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10488","display_name":"Nanocomposite Films for Food Packaging","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionic-liquid","display_name":"Ionic liquid","score":0.7035838961601257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biopolymer","display_name":"Biopolymer","score":0.5832701325416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-number","display_name":"Composite number","score":0.5556367635726929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5471680164337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coating","display_name":"Coating","score":0.47659391164779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering","display_name":"Chemical engineering","score":0.4735257625579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetrafluoroborate","display_name":"Tetrafluoroborate","score":0.4264533817768097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.3365267515182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.312187522649765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry","display_name":"Organic chemistry","score":0.18414488434791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14634990692138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polymer","display_name":"Polymer","score":0.11810219287872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalysis","display_name":"Catalysis","score":0.08477836847305298}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154881586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898579","display_name":"Ionic liquid","level":3,"score":0.7035838961601257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778636629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422649","display_name":"Biopolymer","level":3,"score":0.5832701325416565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.5556367635726929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5471680164337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781448156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182","display_name":"Coating","level":2,"score":0.47659391164779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4735257625579834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780872544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7706343","display_name":"Tetrafluoroborate","level":4,"score":0.4264533817768097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3365267515182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.312187522649765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.18414488434791565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14634990692138672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.11810219287872314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.08477836847305298}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24041176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041176","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/4/1176/pdf?version=1707567880","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38400334","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38400334","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10891797","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10891797","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10891797/pdf/sensors-24-01176.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5a4e69072cdc415cbd417dd92623a41c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5a4e69072cdc415cbd417dd92623a41c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 4, p 1176 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24041176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041176","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/4/1176/pdf?version=1707567880","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G74271788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ECS00000022.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391748765.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391748765.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482770438","https://openalex.org/W1831233930","https://openalex.org/W1878857044","https://openalex.org/W2002220399","https://openalex.org/W2101861341","https://openalex.org/W2116330078","https://openalex.org/W2142177384","https://openalex.org/W2144414345","https://openalex.org/W2161885398","https://openalex.org/W2168258097","https://openalex.org/W2320076001","https://openalex.org/W2321911242","https://openalex.org/W2345099907","https://openalex.org/W2415181590","https://openalex.org/W2510036367","https://openalex.org/W2754536086","https://openalex.org/W2944580893","https://openalex.org/W2997045592","https://openalex.org/W3004574152","https://openalex.org/W3058065487","https://openalex.org/W3086703046","https://openalex.org/W3123947282","https://openalex.org/W3128934850","https://openalex.org/W3129038564","https://openalex.org/W3157832372","https://openalex.org/W3181981557","https://openalex.org/W3184041756","https://openalex.org/W3196186104","https://openalex.org/W4213344347","https://openalex.org/W4229053121","https://openalex.org/W4283812946","https://openalex.org/W4293079996","https://openalex.org/W4319437119","https://openalex.org/W4353066336"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029844942","https://openalex.org/W2153562911","https://openalex.org/W2352764852","https://openalex.org/W2325889298","https://openalex.org/W2044283427","https://openalex.org/W2920988559","https://openalex.org/W2166530799","https://openalex.org/W2014893688","https://openalex.org/W2897758695","https://openalex.org/W2067725230"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,15,25,36,39,51,88,97,100,132,138,147,168,195],"issue":[4],"of":[5,18,27,41,53,112,121,127,135,140,149,170,197],"electronic":[6,29,189],"waste":[7],"production":[8,148],"has":[9,102],"gained":[10],"significant":[11],"attention.":[12],"To":[13],"mitigate":[14],"environmental":[16],"impact":[17],"e-waste,":[19],"one":[20],"approach":[21],"under":[22],"consideration":[23],"involves":[24],"development":[26],"biodegradable":[28,76],"devices":[30,32],"or":[31],"that":[33,56,152],"dissolve":[34],"in":[35,131,183,185,194],"environment":[37],"at":[38],"end":[40],"their":[42],"life":[43],"cycle.":[44],"This":[45],"study":[46,129],"presents":[47],"results":[48],"related":[49],"to":[50,161],"creation":[52],"a":[54,66,72,91,106,110,119,150,165,171],"sensor":[55,108],"effectively":[57],"addresses":[58],"both":[59,180],"criteria.":[60],"The":[61,125],"device":[62,101,151],"was":[63],"constructed":[64],"using":[65],"composite":[67],"material":[68],"formed":[69],"by":[70],"impregnating":[71],"pullulan":[73],"membrane":[74],"(a":[75,82],"water-soluble":[77,83],"biopolymer)":[78],"with":[79,90,109],"1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium":[80],"tetrafluoroborate":[81],"ionic":[84,178],"liquid)":[85],"and":[86,118,176],"coating":[87],"product":[89],"conductive":[92],"silver-based":[93],"varnish.":[94],"Capitalizing":[95],"on":[96],"piezoionic":[98],"effect,":[99],"demonstrated":[103],"functionality":[104],"as":[105,164,174],"vibration":[107,198],"sensitivity":[111],"approximately":[113],"5.5":[114],"\u00d7":[115],"10\u22125":[116],"V/mm":[117],"resolution":[120],"about":[122],"1":[123],"mm.":[124],"novelty":[126],"this":[128,143],"lies":[130],"unique":[133],"combination":[134,144,169],"materials.":[136],"Unlike":[137],"use":[139],"piezoelectric":[141],"materials,":[142],"allows":[145],"for":[146],"does":[153],"not":[154],"require":[155],"an":[156,177,187,192],"external":[157],"potential":[158],"difference":[159],"generator":[160],"function":[162],"properly":[163],"sensor.":[166],"Furthermore,":[167],"biopolymer,":[172],"such":[173],"pullulan,":[175],"liquid,":[179],"readily":[181],"soluble":[182],"water,":[184],"creating":[186],"active":[188],"component":[190],"represents":[191],"innovation":[193],"field":[196],"sensors.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}