{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391605704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041081","title":"Temperature Hotspot Detection on Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves\u2014A Machine Learning Approach","display_name":"Temperature Hotspot Detection on Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves\u2014A Machine Learning Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391605704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041081","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38400239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24041081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/4/1081/pdf?version=1707295075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/4/1081/pdf?version=1707295075","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082439980","display_name":"Lawrence Yule","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0324-6642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Yule","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smart Electronic Materials and Systems Research Group, School of Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0324-6642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Electronic Materials and Systems Research Group, School of Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113970174","display_name":"Nicholas R. Harris","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smart Electronic Materials and Systems Research Group, School of Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4122-2219","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Electronic Materials and Systems Research Group, School of Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058341036","display_name":"Martyn Hill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6448-9448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martyn Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechatronics Research Group, School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6448-9448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechatronics Research Group, School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075340917","display_name":"Bahareh Zaghari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5600-4671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","display_name":"Cranfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/05cncd958","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bahareh Zaghari","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5600-4671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace, Transport and Manufacturing, Cranfield University, Bedford MK43 0AL, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062777975","display_name":"J. Grundy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-5680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joanna Grundy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vision, Learning and Control Research Group, School of Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-5680","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vision, Learning and Control Research Group, School of Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082439980"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":1.2223,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72807418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"1081","last_page":"1081"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/printed-circuit-board","display_name":"Printed circuit board","score":0.7377946376800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.6049535870552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiphysics","display_name":"Multiphysics","score":0.5916407704353333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.5612415671348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-component","display_name":"Electronic component","score":0.5310049057006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronics","display_name":"Electronics","score":0.4804931879043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47247573733329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4533911347389221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectric-sensor","display_name":"Piezoelectric sensor","score":0.4385313391685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usable","display_name":"USable","score":0.41498705744743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.35611510276794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.34420275688171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33816593885421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piezoelectricity","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","score":0.2621530294418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.16336068511009216}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120793396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173350","display_name":"Printed circuit board","level":2,"score":0.7377946376800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.6049535870552063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46435376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1829750","display_name":"Multiphysics","level":3,"score":0.5916407704353333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.5612415671348572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81060104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11653","display_name":"Electronic component","level":2,"score":0.5310049057006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.4804931879043579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47247573733329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4533911347389221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173677008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2094637","display_name":"Piezoelectric sensor","level":3,"score":0.4385313391685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.41498705744743347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.35611510276794434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.34420275688171387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33816593885421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100082104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183759","display_name":"Piezoelectricity","level":2,"score":0.2621530294418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.16336068511009216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24041081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/4/1081/pdf?version=1707295075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38400239","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38400239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:490848","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.3390/s24041081>).","pdf_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/490848/1/sensors-24-01081.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10892751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10892751","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10892751/pdf/sensors-24-01081.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2ee23662208e4c78b839705c958c1175","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2ee23662208e4c78b839705c958c1175","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 4, p 1081 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk:1826/21013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/21013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401778","display_name":"CERES (Cranfield University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82284825","host_organization_name":"Cranfield University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82284825"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24041081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24041081","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/4/1081/pdf?version=1707295075","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320277","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391605704.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556011900","https://openalex.org/W1974143367","https://openalex.org/W1982510408","https://openalex.org/W1990650402","https://openalex.org/W2011901824","https://openalex.org/W2030450336","https://openalex.org/W2033667017","https://openalex.org/W2049069215","https://openalex.org/W2077332544","https://openalex.org/W2088886701","https://openalex.org/W2091298532","https://openalex.org/W2100427076","https://openalex.org/W2108872166","https://openalex.org/W2111837782","https://openalex.org/W2139678580","https://openalex.org/W2144565033","https://openalex.org/W2150652031","https://openalex.org/W2156964391","https://openalex.org/W2160691552","https://openalex.org/W2168108515","https://openalex.org/W2206795875","https://openalex.org/W2320998174","https://openalex.org/W2322623832","https://openalex.org/W2438434779","https://openalex.org/W2574597881","https://openalex.org/W2593055200","https://openalex.org/W2794233285","https://openalex.org/W2946025058","https://openalex.org/W2952780007","https://openalex.org/W2981293705","https://openalex.org/W2996283194","https://openalex.org/W2998674405","https://openalex.org/W3020988111","https://openalex.org/W3037285851","https://openalex.org/W3084644182","https://openalex.org/W3095979878","https://openalex.org/W3169897425","https://openalex.org/W3175106984","https://openalex.org/W4282002138","https://openalex.org/W4284882672","https://openalex.org/W4285195901","https://openalex.org/W4288884610","https://openalex.org/W4384469517","https://openalex.org/W4385697304","https://openalex.org/W4386470333","https://openalex.org/W6841274614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188146187","https://openalex.org/W2908913238","https://openalex.org/W4372294755","https://openalex.org/W2036494154","https://openalex.org/W2379772394","https://openalex.org/W3123114176","https://openalex.org/W4376611675","https://openalex.org/W16482907","https://openalex.org/W2364791190","https://openalex.org/W2374335651"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,21,49,83,89,155,159,177],"challenging":[4],"issue":[5],"of":[6,14,23,51,60,85,107,111,158,181],"achieving":[7],"high":[8],"spatial":[9,137],"resolution":[10,138],"in":[11,126,164],"temperature":[12,84],"monitoring":[13],"printed":[15],"circuit":[16],"boards":[17],"(PCBs)":[18],"without":[19],"compromising":[20],"operation":[22],"electronic":[24,41,182],"components.":[25],"Traditional":[26],"methods":[27],"involving":[28],"numerous":[29],"dedicated":[30],"sensors":[31],"such":[32],"as":[33,166],"thermocouples":[34],"are":[35,95,152,173],"often":[36],"intrusive":[37],"and":[38,62,88,147,161,179],"can":[39],"impact":[40],"functionality.":[42],"To":[43],"overcome":[44],"this,":[45],"this":[46],"study":[47],"explores":[48],"application":[50],"ultrasonic":[52],"guided":[53],"waves,":[54],"specifically":[55],"utilising":[56],"a":[57,77,104,123,127,145],"limited":[58],"number":[59,106],"cost-effective":[61],"unobtrusive":[63],"Piezoelectric":[64],"Wafer":[65],"Active":[66],"Sensors":[67],"(PWAS).":[68],"Employing":[69],"COMSOL":[70],"multiphysics,":[71],"wave":[72],"propagation":[73],"is":[74,113],"simulated":[75],"through":[76],"simplified":[78],"PCB":[79],"while":[80],"systematically":[81],"varying":[82],"both":[86],"components":[87],"board":[90],"itself.":[91],"Machine":[92],"learning":[93],"algorithms":[94],"used":[96],"to":[97,119,139,169],"identify":[98,140],"hotspots":[99,141],"at":[100],"component":[101],"positions":[102],"using":[103],"minimal":[105],"sensors.":[108],"An":[109],"accuracy":[110],"97.6%":[112],"achieved":[114],"with":[115],"four":[116],"sensors,":[117],"decreasing":[118],"88.1%":[120],"when":[121],"utilizing":[122],"single":[124],"sensor":[125],"pulse-echo":[128],"configuration.":[129],"The":[130],"proposed":[131],"methodology":[132],"not":[133],"only":[134],"provides":[135],"sufficient":[136],"but":[142],"also":[143],"offers":[144],"non-invasive":[146],"efficient":[148],"solution.":[149],"Such":[150],"advancements":[151],"important":[153],"for":[154,175],"future":[156],"electrification":[157],"aerospace":[160],"automotive":[162],"industries":[163],"particular,":[165],"they":[167],"contribute":[168],"condition-monitoring":[170],"technologies":[171],"that":[172],"essential":[174],"ensuring":[176],"reliability":[178],"safety":[180],"systems.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}