{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391432485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24030942","title":"Quantum Efficiency Measurement and Modeling of Silicon Sensors Optimized for Soft X-ray Detection","display_name":"Quantum Efficiency Measurement and Modeling of Silicon Sensors Optimized for Soft X-ray Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391432485","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24030942","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38339659"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24030942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24030942","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/3/942/pdf?version=1706751463","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/3/942/pdf?version=1706751463","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054124333","display_name":"M. Carulla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8396-4299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Maria Carulla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013586078","display_name":"R. Barten","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Barten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058959604","display_name":"F. Baruffaldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7790-1152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filippo Baruffaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059379212","display_name":"A. Bergamaschi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7817-6493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Bergamaschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057205254","display_name":"G. Borghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8488-4728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Borghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38126 Povo, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38126 Povo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105686466","display_name":"M. Boscardin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0052-5793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maurizio Boscardin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38126 Povo, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38126 Povo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025032637","display_name":"Martin Br\u00fcckner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1405-7951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Br\u00fcckner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075636304","display_name":"Tim A. Butcher","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3850-7088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tim A. Butcher","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034240716","display_name":"M. Centis Vignali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4177-9087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Centis Vignali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38126 Povo, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38126 Povo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107846851","display_name":"R. Dinapoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4846-2772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Dinapoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063503039","display_name":"Simon Ebner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Ebner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042757863","display_name":"F. Ficorella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-1193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Ficorella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38126 Povo, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38126 Povo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078344787","display_name":"E. Fr\u00f6jdh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3142-643X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Fr\u00f6jdh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000957653","display_name":"D. Greiffenberg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5723-1825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominic Greiffenberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075996232","display_name":"O. Hammad Al\u00ec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6294-8233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Hammad Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38126 Povo, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38126 Povo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024064679","display_name":"S. Hasanaj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shqipe Hasanaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019760833","display_name":"Julian Heymes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0922-2529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Heymes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086246378","display_name":"V. Hinger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2616-4084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viktoria Hinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101669865","display_name":"Thomas King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6270-0999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas King","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078131690","display_name":"Pawel M. Kozlowski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4090-8078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawel Kozlowski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046095865","display_name":"Carlos Lopez Cuenca","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlos Lopez Cuenca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046530050","display_name":"D. Mezza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2439-6348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Mezza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070339312","display_name":"\u039a\u03c9\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-7121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Moustakas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017255921","display_name":"A. Mozzanica","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8372-815X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aldo Mozzanica","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024994463","display_name":"G. Paternoster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5744-0195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Paternoster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38126 Povo, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38126 Povo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005103896","display_name":"Kirsty A. Paton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9443-5069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kirsty A. Paton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059118347","display_name":"S. Ronchin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9205-0907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabina Ronchin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38126 Povo, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Via Sommarive 18, 38126 Povo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045887276","display_name":"C. Ruder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Ruder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035908105","display_name":"B. Schmitt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5778-0680"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernd Schmitt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017226149","display_name":"P. Sieberer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9616-2244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Sieberer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026809060","display_name":"D. Thattil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhanya Thattil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043019271","display_name":"Konrad Vogelsang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konrad Vogelsang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114685612","display_name":"Xiangyu Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7844-6323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073198620","display_name":"Jiaguo Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","display_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03eh3y714","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaguo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":34,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054124333"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":2.7234,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92294447,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"3","first_page":"942","last_page":"942"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11044","display_name":"Particle Detector Development and Performance","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11044","display_name":"Particle Detector Development and Performance","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-efficiency","display_name":"Quantum efficiency","score":0.7724225521087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon","display_name":"Silicon","score":0.6525413990020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.60169917345047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5543653964996338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.46731919050216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon","display_name":"Photon","score":0.44477906823158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.435698926448822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-ray-detector","display_name":"X-ray detector","score":0.432033896446228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4222070574760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3851589858531952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.21152383089065552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205507967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900625","display_name":"Quantum efficiency","level":2,"score":0.7724225521087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.6525413990020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.60169917345047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5543653964996338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.46731919050216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.44477906823158264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.435698926448822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146108262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045294","display_name":"X-ray detector","level":3,"score":0.432033896446228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4222070574760437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3851589858531952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.21152383089065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24030942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24030942","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/3/942/pdf?version=1706751463","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38339659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38339659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10856868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10856868","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10856868/pdf/sensors-24-00942.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3d6c2380463642f597f26cc9844d864b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3d6c2380463642f597f26cc9844d864b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 3, p 942 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dora:psi_59900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/psi/islandora/object/psi%3A59900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402574","display_name":"DORA PSI (Paul Scherrer Institute)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2802229908","host_organization_name":"Paul Scherrer Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802229908"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1287818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1287818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24030942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24030942","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/3/942/pdf?version=1706751463","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1423025478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"884104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333268","display_name":"Swiss Nanoscience Institute","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391432485.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973077002","https://openalex.org/W1981065938","https://openalex.org/W1993347244","https://openalex.org/W2022632140","https://openalex.org/W2024183061","https://openalex.org/W2041838574","https://openalex.org/W2043502600","https://openalex.org/W2050315019","https://openalex.org/W2056068676","https://openalex.org/W2064133110","https://openalex.org/W2102603762","https://openalex.org/W2128892925","https://openalex.org/W2135214788","https://openalex.org/W2141985160","https://openalex.org/W2289267902","https://openalex.org/W2514339934","https://openalex.org/W2524041438","https://openalex.org/W2663191338","https://openalex.org/W2743690885","https://openalex.org/W2783649616","https://openalex.org/W2793760208","https://openalex.org/W2800297727","https://openalex.org/W2950822977","https://openalex.org/W2952791305","https://openalex.org/W3034379874","https://openalex.org/W3094785607","https://openalex.org/W3106767329","https://openalex.org/W3112593079","https://openalex.org/W3128097178","https://openalex.org/W3131907647","https://openalex.org/W4297373778","https://openalex.org/W4308921744","https://openalex.org/W4310815541","https://openalex.org/W4389439466"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1862318582","https://openalex.org/W2110382631","https://openalex.org/W2100861514","https://openalex.org/W2071426007","https://openalex.org/W2532413790","https://openalex.org/W2972084325","https://openalex.org/W2295395144","https://openalex.org/W1999364909","https://openalex.org/W2171920939","https://openalex.org/W2533470814"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hybrid":[0],"pixel":[1],"detectors":[2],"have":[3],"become":[4],"indispensable":[5],"at":[6,28],"synchrotron":[7],"and":[8,24,48,86,175],"X-ray":[9,106],"free-electron":[10],"laser":[11],"facilities":[12],"thanks":[13],"to":[14,56,142,144,153],"their":[15],"large":[16,25],"dynamic":[17],"range,":[18],"high":[19],"frame":[20],"rate,":[21],"low":[22,58],"noise,":[23],"area.":[26],"However,":[27],"energies":[29],"below":[30],"3":[31],"keV,":[32],"the":[33,41,46,49,57,66,74,77,83,88,92,97,100,104,117,154,165,168],"detector":[34],"performance":[35],"is":[36,133],"often":[37],"limited":[38],"because":[39],"of":[40,45,69,76,91,99,119,149,157,167],"poor":[42],"quantum":[43,67,101,127,155,173],"efficiency":[44,68,102,128,156,174],"sensor":[47,141],"difficulty":[50],"in":[51,103,116],"achieving":[52],"single-photon":[53],"resolution":[54],"due":[55],"signal-to-noise":[59],"ratio.":[60],"In":[61],"this":[62],"paper,":[63],"we":[64,163],"address":[65],"silicon":[70,84,110],"sensors":[71,111,121],"by":[72,81],"refining":[73],"design":[75],"entrance":[78,124],"window,":[79],"mainly":[80],"passivating":[82],"surface":[85],"optimizing":[87],"dopant":[89],"profile":[90],"n<sup>+</sup>":[93],"region.":[94],"We":[95],"present":[96,176],"measurement":[98],"soft":[105],"energy":[107],"range":[108],"for":[109,129,138,179],"with":[112,122],"several":[113],"process":[114,170],"variations":[115],"fabrication":[118],"planar":[120],"thin":[123],"windows.":[125],"The":[126],"250":[130],"eV":[131],"photons":[132],"increased":[134],"from":[135],"almost":[136],"0.5%":[137],"a":[139,147,177],"standard":[140],"up":[143],"62%":[145],"as":[146],"consequence":[148],"these":[150],"developments,":[151],"comparable":[152],"backside-illuminated":[158],"scientific":[159],"CMOS":[160],"sensors.":[161],"Finally,":[162],"discuss":[164],"influence":[166],"various":[169],"parameters":[171],"on":[172],"strategy":[178],"further":[180],"improvement.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-11T14:59:36.786465","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
