{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391035087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020646","title":"Designing and Testing an IoT Low-Cost PPP-RTK Augmented GNSS Location Device","display_name":"Designing and Testing an IoT Low-Cost PPP-RTK Augmented GNSS Location Device","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391035087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020646","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38276340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020646","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/646/pdf?version=1705670462","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/646/pdf?version=1705670462","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064348395","display_name":"Domenico Amalfitano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-4443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domenico Amalfitano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-4443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013955846","display_name":"Matteo Cutugno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-4590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165932","display_name":"Giustino Fortunato University","ror":"https://ror.org/0592q0v50","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165932"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Cutugno","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Benevento Giustino Fortunato, 82100 Benevento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-4590","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Benevento Giustino Fortunato, 82100 Benevento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165932"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010409026","display_name":"Umberto Robustelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5486-7721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","display_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","ror":"https://ror.org/05pcv4v03","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umberto Robustelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Naples Parthenope, 80143 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5486-7721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Naples Parthenope, 80143 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080540823","display_name":"Giovanni Pugliano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8177-1370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Pugliano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8177-1370","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, 80125 Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013955846"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165932"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2598},"fwci":16.9003,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9863621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"646","last_page":"646"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7945545315742493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precise-point-positioning","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","score":0.756146252155304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6449487209320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-kinematic","display_name":"Real Time Kinematic","score":0.6049138903617859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5695199966430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kinematics","display_name":"Kinematics","score":0.5371673107147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.5045832395553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4863896667957306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4586941599845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.41635602712631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.41568389534950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2825842797756195}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7945545315742493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202511199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239503","display_name":"Precise Point Positioning","level":4,"score":0.756146252155304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6449487209320068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93103318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980965","display_name":"Real Time Kinematic","level":4,"score":0.6049138903617859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5695199966430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11476","display_name":"Kinematics","level":2,"score":0.5371673107147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.5045832395553589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4863896667957306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4586941599845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.41635602712631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.41568389534950256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2825842797756195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020646","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/646/pdf?version=1705670462","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:38276340","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38276340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11154407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11154407","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fba3987341d546ffa460a2816635d6a5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fba3987341d546ffa460a2816635d6a5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sensors, Vol 24, Iss 2, p 646 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ricerca.uniparthenope.it:11367/130020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11367/130020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196432","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (Parthenope University of Naples)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183638586","host_organization_name":"Parthenope University of Naples","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183638586"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/s24020646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020646","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/2/646/pdf?version=1705670462","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101949793","display_name":"Sensors","issn_l":"1424-8220","issn":["1424-8220"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sensors","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310077","display_name":"National Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02n85j827"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4391035087.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966997501","https://openalex.org/W2018120353","https://openalex.org/W2137396739","https://openalex.org/W2625043143","https://openalex.org/W2779475380","https://openalex.org/W2910587791","https://openalex.org/W2983534366","https://openalex.org/W3012294334","https://openalex.org/W3015214592","https://openalex.org/W3031999704","https://openalex.org/W3082937387","https://openalex.org/W3097860581","https://openalex.org/W4229451083","https://openalex.org/W4281670121","https://openalex.org/W4293124894","https://openalex.org/W4293153903","https://openalex.org/W4295063446","https://openalex.org/W4310985120","https://openalex.org/W4311617910","https://openalex.org/W4313855150","https://openalex.org/W4379875220","https://openalex.org/W4381617594","https://openalex.org/W4382699427","https://openalex.org/W4382982213","https://openalex.org/W4384694769","https://openalex.org/W4385656703","https://openalex.org/W4386135480","https://openalex.org/W4386457002","https://openalex.org/W4387400670","https://openalex.org/W4387400699","https://openalex.org/W4387400789","https://openalex.org/W4387400833","https://openalex.org/W4387772150","https://openalex.org/W6641902001"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3084744931","https://openalex.org/W2902549258","https://openalex.org/W2968867052","https://openalex.org/W4306248906","https://openalex.org/W4220774937","https://openalex.org/W4385199229","https://openalex.org/W4306291904","https://openalex.org/W4321792462","https://openalex.org/W2804003689","https://openalex.org/W3034838262"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nowadays,":[0],"the":[1,21,31,43,66,76,84,87,92,109,121,181,200,208,222,228,236],"availability":[2,179],"of":[3,16,23,42,78,135,183],"affordable":[4],"multi-constellation":[5],"multi-frequency":[6],"receivers":[7],"has":[8,29,113,195],"broadened":[9],"access":[10],"to":[11,75,119,160,198],"accurate":[12],"positioning.":[13,129],"The":[14,156,203],"abundance":[15],"satellite":[17,51],"signals":[18],"coupled":[19],"with":[20,38,103,141,173,221],"implementation":[22],"ground-":[24],"and":[25,45,61,86,127,164,180,214,226],"satellite-based":[26],"correction":[27,149],"services":[28],"unlocked":[30],"potential":[32,117],"for":[33,70,123,186,234],"achieving":[34],"real-time":[35],"centimetre-level":[36],"positioning":[37,52,216],"low-cost":[39,142],"instrumentation.":[40],"Most":[41],"current":[44],"future":[46],"applications":[47],"cannot":[48],"exploit":[49],"well-consolidated":[50],"techniques":[53],"such":[54,176],"as":[55,115,177],"Network":[56],"Real":[57],"Time":[58],"Kinematic":[59],"(RTK)":[60],"Precise":[62],"Point":[63],"Positioning":[64],"(PPP);":[65],"former":[67],"is":[68,159],"inapplicable":[69],"large":[71],"user":[72,85],"bases":[73],"due":[74],"necessity":[77],"a":[79,116,146],"two-way":[80],"communication":[81],"link":[82],"between":[83],"NRTK":[88],"service":[89,150],"provider,":[90],"while":[91],"latter":[93],"necessitates":[94],"long":[95],"convergence":[96],"times":[97],"that":[98,206],"are":[99,232],"not":[100],"in":[101,168],"keeping":[102],"kinematic":[104,170,193],"application.":[105],"In":[106],"this":[107],"context,":[108],"hybrid":[110],"PPP-RTK":[111,148],"technique":[112],"emerged":[114],"solution":[118,178,224],"meet":[120],"demand":[122],"real-time,":[124],"low-cost,":[125],"accurate,":[126],"precise":[128],"This":[130],"paper":[131],"presents":[132],"an":[133,188,240],"Internet":[134],"Things":[136],"(IoT)":[137],"GNSS":[138],"device":[139,201,210],"developed":[140],"hardware;":[143],"it":[144],"leverages":[145],"commercial":[147],"which":[151],"delivers":[152],"corrections":[153],"via":[154],"IP.":[155],"main":[157],"target":[158],"obtain":[161],"both":[162],"horizontal":[163,213],"vertical":[165,215],"decimetre-level":[166,219],"accuracies":[167],"urban":[169],"tests,":[171],"along":[172],"other":[174],"requisites":[175],"provision":[182],"connection":[184],"ports":[185,231],"interfacing":[187],"IoT":[189,209,230],"network.":[190],"A":[191],"vehicle-borne":[192],"test":[194],"been":[196],"conducted":[197],"evaluate":[199],"performance.":[202],"results":[204],"show":[205],"(i)":[207],"can":[211],"deliver":[212],"solutions":[217,238],"at":[218],"accuracy":[220],"targeted":[223],"availability,":[225],"(ii)":[227],"provided":[229],"feasible":[233],"gathering":[235],"position":[237],"over":[239],"internet":[241],"connection.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
